Chapter 1 – Nature and regulation of companies RQ 9. Outline the differences between shares and debentures. Ordinary shares attract no fixed rate of dividend‚ carry voting rights and may participate in surplus assets and profits of the company – they represent ownership of x% of the company. Ordinary shares are classified as equity. The company may issue shares either fully paid or partly paid (s. 254A). If partly paid shares are issued‚ the shareholder is liable to pay calls on the shares
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Group 3 In your opinion are accounting standards necessary and to what extent? Do you agree with the view that mandatory regulations stifle innovation ? why? Give reasons? * Accounting standards are necessary to promote high quality financial reporting. The fundamental role of accounting is to communicate economic information about businesses and other organization to various stakeholders (government‚ investors‚ shareholders‚ suppliers‚ lenders‚ customers and the general public). * These
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COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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Cost Accounting – Classification of costs Cost accounting refers to a process of accumulating‚ recording‚ classifying and analyzing all costs incurred at various levels of production. The purpose of cost accounting is manifold. It provides a final selling price‚ suggests the best possible course of action where maximum savings are possible and a strategy for future. Cost accounting is also constructive in comparing the input and output results that ultimately aids the management to arrive at a financial
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Exposure Draft Accounting Standard (AS) 10 (revised) Tangible Fixed Assets (Last date for Comments: February 28‚ 2006) The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Issued by Accounting Standards Board Exposure Draft Revised AS 10‚ Tangible Fixed Assets Contents INVITATION TO COMMENT [Exposure Draft] Accounting Standard AS 10 (revised) Pages 4-5 Tangible Fixed Assets OBJECTIVE SCOPE DEFINITIONS RECOGNITION Initial Costs Subsequent Costs MEASUREMENT AT RECOGNITION Elements
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Accounting Standards Boards Increased globalization in the business world has brought to fore some of the issues and challenges that multinational businesses face in financial recording and reporting of foreign based operations. With operations based in different countries that operate under different accounting principles and with varying currencies‚ there has been a need for the accounting principles and standards to be converged. This has in the past nine years seen the accounting policy
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Universal Accounting Standards Issue The internationalization of business activities has increased exponentially over the past 3 decades. Because the accounting standards and practices of different countries have developed in response to diverse environments‚ accounting has developed with strong national accents . As a result‚ multinationals with branches and investments in a wide array of countries find it difficult to achieve a consolidated financial report. Further‚ investors in these multinationals
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Exposure Draft Accounting Standard (AS) 9 (Revised 20XX) (Corresponding to IAS 18) Revenue (Last date for Comments: June 07‚ 2010) Issued by Accounting Standards Board The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2 Exposure Draft Accounting Standard 9 (Revised 20XX) (Corresponding to IAS 18) Revenue Contents Objective Scope Definitions Measurement of revenue Identification of the transaction Sale of goods Rendering of services Interest‚ royalties and dividends Disclosure Effective
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Applicability of Accounting Standard (AS) 26‚ Intangible Assets‚ to intangible items 1. Accounting Standard (AS) 26‚ ‘Intangible Assets’‚ came into effect in respect of expenditure incurred on intangible items during accounting periods commencing on or after 1-4-2003 and is mandatory in nature from that date for the following: (i) Enterprises whose equity or debt securities are listed on a recognised stock exchange in India‚ and enterprises that are in the process of issuing equity or debt
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‘Uniform Accounting Standards Produce Uniform Financial Reporting’ Inro Why is the question important? In an increasingly interconnected world‚ the operations of international corporations are transnational. In addition‚ more and more investing takes place on a global level. Historically‚ different countries have developed their own national accounting standards. Before the introduction of the IFRS‚ the accounting principles of neighbouring countries were similar in many respects but used different
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