auditory and visual reflexes. CN nerves III and IV originate here. Pons-contains motor and sensory pathways. CN nerves V through VIII connect to the brain in the pons. Medulla Oblongata-contains motor fibers from the brain to the spinal cord and sensory fibers from the spinal cord to the brain. CN nerves IX through XII connect to the brain in the medulla. Cerebellum-largely responsible for coordination of movement. It also controls fine movement‚ balance‚ position (postural) sense or proprioception (awareness
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Lap Practical Run Through 1. Dilation of the pupil when scared is an effect of the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system? 2. What areas comprise the diencephalon? a. Thalamus‚ hypothalamus‚ epithalamus 3. What areas comprise the brainstem? a. diencephalon‚ midbrain‚ pons‚ and medulla oblongata 4. The interventricular foramen is the passageway between what two areas a. 3rd ventricles and the lateral ventricles 5. The myoneural function is made of or comprises what structures? a. Axon
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Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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meningomyelocele. Meningocele causes a portion of the spinal cord to push through the spine which forms a sac and is noticeable on the back. The sac is filled with nerve fluid but there is usually no nerve damage. In most cases‚ people live with few symptoms and sometimes none at all but in others it can cause “incomplete paralysis with bladder and bowel dysfunction” (NIH). Meningomyelocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. The meninges and the spinal cord push through the opening in the spine which
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1. (5 pts) Describe the metabolic process providing your energy while you were walking (at an easy pace) before the bee stung you. Include which molecules are being consumed. The metabolic process providing my energy while I was walking at an easy pace is aerobic metabolism. During aerobic metabolism‚ mitochondria absorb from the surrounding cytoplasm these molecules: ADP‚ phosphate ions‚ O2‚ and organic substances like pyruvate. These molecules go through the citric acid cycle. The electron
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formed. It is created by a plate of cells called the neural plate. This then turns in to the neural sheath. The neural sheath by the 28th day‚ develops into the brain and the spinal cord. If problems arise during the development of the cord‚ it is called a neural tube defect which can lead to spinal bifida or other spinal cord deformities. Spina Bifida is one of the most common birth defects with in the United States‚ one out of every eight babies are diagnosed with this disorder. Also 95 percent
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include genetic abnormality‚ disease‚ injury‚ birth trauma‚ amputation‚ burns‚ or other causes. Other causes of orthopedic impairments may include: · Spina bifida · Diabetes · Nervous system disorders · Traumatic spinal cord injury · Stroke · Muscular Dystrophy · Cerebral Palsy Orthopedic impairments involve a wide range of causes and a diverse group of students. Some children have impairments caused by congenital anomalies‚ whereas others
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• Diagnosed HIV Stage 4 on treatment (LTE) • CMV retinitis • Central facial palsy (flattening of R nasolabial fold) - paresis of the lower half of one side of the face - damage to upper motor neurons of the facial nerve. - The facial motor nucleus has dorsal and ventral divisions that contain lower motor neurons supplying the muscles of the upper and lower face‚ respectively. The dorsal division receives bilateral upper motor neuron input (i.e. from both sides
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motor nucleus of the brainstem. Some forms of motor neuron disease do originate in the spinal cord lower motor neurons but most originate in the cerebral cortex‚ hence‚ UMNs. Weakness in the limbs is the final common symptoms for ALS‚ followed by dysphagia‚ dysphonia‚ and respiratory paralysis in the end. The latter of the CNS are lower motor neuron signs. These motor neurons are controlled by the spinal cord and cranial nerve motor nuclei. Presentations of ALS in a scale of upper and lower
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If you are a child and have scoliosis‚ you are usually going to the doctors every four to six months to keep your scoliosis in check. The treatment most commonly used for children are braces. The brace is used when you have a spinal curve degree between 25 and 40 degrees‚ and you are still growing. Though the brace can’t actually reverse the damages of scoliosis‚ it can help to prevent it from getting worse. ( Osteoarthritis Health Center Scoliosis‚ 2 ) Another option is surgery
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