Background Research Scanning Tunneling Microscope; or STM‚ allows scientists to image or display crystalline material surfaces down to an atomic level. Basically; it shows the formation of surface atoms on conducting and semi-conducting materials such as metals‚ or metalloids. First invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981; the Scanning Tunneling Microscope used quantum tunneling to extract atomically resolved images to understand the morphology of crystalline surfaces including both
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an esterification process that is used to make so from the hydrolysis of fats and oils. This process have the glycerol molecule‚ and a sodium carboxylate salt in most case sodium stearate being formed‚ however this salt depends on the base being used. In the experiment 23ml of vegetable oil was mixed with 20ml of ethyl alcohol along with 20 ml of 25% sodium hydroxide in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. The content was then heated on a water bath whilst gently mixing with a glass rod. After 20 minutes of
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SEMESTER- I PRACTICAL- I VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS The method to determine the exact amount of the substance in a given sample is termed as quantitative analysis volumetric analysis is a branch of quantitative analysis involving accurate measurement of volumes of reacting solutions. The volumetric analysis is very much in use due to simplicity rapidity accuracy and wide applicability. The reacting substances are taken in the form of solutions and made to react. The concentration of one solution is
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vanillin molecule with dilute sodium hydroxide to make it into a sodium salt so that it is in its aqueous phase (Southam‚ 2013). This is done as in the first step the pure vanillin is attracted to the dichloromethane as they are both organic structures and have similar intermolecular forces (dispersion). The second step involves mixing it with sodium hydroxide and this is done as the phenol group reacts with the sodium hydroxide to create a sodium salt and water‚ the sodium salt then wants to stay in
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chemicals concentration Volume Water used for diluting Materials Name of materials Measuring cylinder Measuring cylinder Beaker Stirring rod Thermometer Balance Constant temperature tank stopwatch Safety goggle Sulfuric acid 18 mol V-1 10ml 125ml Sodium hydroxid 12 mol V-1 15ml 105ml Condition 10 ml 100ml 50ml Including poise Including plastic stir bar Number of materials used 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Procedures 1. Dilute both solutions H2SO4 and NaOH‚ from the given concentration to 1M and
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This experiment was an intermediate event and such a reaction is most often called hydrolysis and is represented by the equation: C4H9Cl + H2O C4H10O + HCl. Experimental A burette was rinsed with 0.25M sodium hydroxide. The burette was drained and refilled with the sodium hydroxide solution. 100mL of isopropyl alcohol/water solvent was placed in a 100 mL volumetric flask. This solution was put into a 250 mL flask in a constant temperature water bath and the temperature of the bath and the
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and B) ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment is to prepare a standard solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate and use titration to perform an acid/base reaction between the potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium hydroxide to standardize approximately 0.10 M sodium hydroxide solution. To prepare the Potassium Hydrogen phthalate‚ a 2.00 grams of KHP was measured to an accurate measurement of 1.980 grams. A total of 100 mL of water was mixed with the KHP solution in the volumetric flask to
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STANDARDIATION OF ACID AND BASE Eunice Ivy B. Gamboa ABSTRACT Solutions of known concentration are prepared by dissolving measured masses of standard acids in distilled water. The concentrations of unknown solutions of sodium hydroxide are determined by titration. An acid solution reacts with a base solution in a "neutralization" reaction. Titrations permit the concentrations of unknown acids/bases to be determined with a high degree of accuracy. In order to analyze unknown acids/bases‚ we must
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course site. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS (25 points total) You need four digital photographs. At least one should show your face (with safety glasses) as you perform the experiment. Include these photographs: 1. Testing the sodium hydroxide with BTB (make sure I can see the sodium hydroxide after the BTB is added) 2. Well plate after completion of data table 1 (make sure I can see the plate and its contents clearly) 3. Well plate after completion of data table 2 (make sure I can see the plate and its contents
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dropped into the solution‚ the solution colour does not change and remain clear. 3. When the diluted amidosulphuric acid was titrated with the sodium hydroxide solution‚ the colour of the solution turns to pale pink and it is called as end point. Mass of amidosulphuric acid powder = 2.5050 g ± 0.0001 g CALCULATION Average volume of sodium hydroxide solution used = =First reading+Second reading+Third reading3
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