Muscles are responsible for all conscious and unconscious movement. It is how we move and react to an environment. There are three types of muscles in the body include the skeletal muscle‚ smooth muscle‚ and the cardiac muscle. Whether you are running‚ walking‚ breathing‚ eating‚ sleeping‚ or typing it all involves some sort of muscle action. Muscle cells that shape‚ form‚ and outline the whole human skeleton is called a muscle fibers. There are two types of muscle fibers: Type I (slow-twitching
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recessive “mini-muscle” phenotype in mice. Smaller body size and muscles as well as increased maximal oxygen intake are observed in mice with the “mini-muscle” phenotype. This observation raises an issue about why the selectively bred mice with the “mini-muscle” phenotype have reduced triceps and thigh muscle mass as they are able to cover greater distances; due to faster running speed‚ on an activity wheel compared to normal mice. However‚ greater exercise and load is thought to result in muscle hypertrophy
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Results A left gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.2cm in situ) was used in experiment 1 and 2‚ while a right gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.4cm in situ) was used in experiment 3. The sciatic nerve of the frog was placed over the stimulatory electrodes covered with a piece of a Kimwipe moistened with Ringer’s solution. The relationship between muscle length‚ force production and velocity of contraction was studied. Force transduced calibration In order to get a more accurate data from force
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There are three phases for muscle cell contraction: initiation of action potential in the sarcolemma‚ excitation-contraction coupling‚ and contraction‚ sliding of the myofilaments. ATP and calcium ions are two essential elements for muscle contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments
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Prior to injecting the neurotoxin‚ Tubocurare‚ inside the gastrocnemius muscle‚ a control was established. The baseline was maintained approximately at 20 grams. The control used the maximum voltage of 0.75 volts for the stimulus input. As a result‚ the tension produced 68.13 grams of force. The moment Tubocurare was infused into the gastrocnemius muscle‚ the muscle tension dropped to 47.7 grams of force. Data was recorded for 10 minutes‚ and as predicted prior to the experiment‚ the tension trend
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Bio 201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I Muscle Physiology Protocol I. Goals for this lab A. To increase your understanding of muscle physiology - tonus‚ motor unit recruitment and fatigue. B. Learn how to conduct and analyze an EMG (electromyogram) C. To gain more experience with the scientific method‚ experimental design‚ making predictions‚ critical analysis of results‚ and interpretation of your results. II. Introduction Human skeletal muscle consists of hundreds of individual
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03 - 03 - 2006 RESULT The amount of neural discharge due to stimulation of tactile sensilla receptor is posted on figure 1. FIGURE 1: Mean action potential activity of tactile sensilla receptors in femural of cockroach. In this experiment‚ it was found that there exists a spontaneous resting activity within the cockroach tibia even though tactile sensilla receptors have not yet been stimulated. From figure 1 it can be observed that the mean spontaneous resting activity of the cockroach leg is
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Experiment 2: Skeletal Muscle ABSTRACT Frog skeletal muscle is used as an animal model to study muscle contraction. The objectives of this experiment is to demonstrate the physiological responses of skeletal muscle to electrical stimuli using frog gastrocnemius‚ to understand twitch‚ summation‚ tetanus and fatigue‚ to investigate the relationship between initial tension and force of contraction‚ to explore the differences between human and frog skeletal muscle. The threshold voltage is 0.4V. The
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ACTIVITY 6: The Skeletal Muscle Length-Tension Relationship 33. In a force-length graph‚ a. the muscle length is the independent variable. b. the amount of force generated is the dependent variable. c. both active and passive forces must be considered. d. All the above are correct. correct answer 34. According to your lab manual‚ the protein titin is the primary cause of _________ __________. Passive Force 35. In this lab simulation‚ the muscle length of _______
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Overview of the Skeletal System Laszlo Vass‚ Ed.D. Version 42-0018-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose
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