1. Introduction Figure 1: Slums just beneath of palaces Human beings are by nature “House Dwellers”. Prehistoric people‚ leaving cave‚ started living in houses. From huts to modern skyscrapers‚ people build houses for safety‚ shelter and comfort. But‚ human cannot build nestle in trees like birds‚ they need lands. So‚ with the increase of population‚ land scarcity increases‚ problem arises. Sometimes people use lands to make habitable without any pre-plan. This type of unplanned housing leads to
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establishment of the first Public Health Act in 1848 in the UK. The aim was to prevent illness‚ provide clean water and to create sustainable drainage for citizens. Following this‚ the 1875 Public Health Act brought together a range of Acts covering sewerage and drains‚ water supply‚ housing and disease. Local authorities appointed medical officers in charge of public health. Local sanitary inspectors were appointed to look after slaughterhouses and prevent contaminated food being sold. Local authorities
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served the Corporation as a regular director for eighteen (18) years since March 1995. HERBERT M. CONSUNJI is a Director‚ Vice-President‚ Chief Finance Officer and Compliance Officer of the Corporation. He is also the Chairman of Subic Water and Sewerage Company‚ Inc. and Philippine Hydro‚ Inc.‚ Vice- President and Treasurer of DMCI Mining Corporation‚ Treasurer of Sem-Calaca Res Corporation and Chief Operating Officer of Maynilad Water Services‚ Inc. He is a regular Director of Semirara Mining
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Urban sprawl is the expanding of a city and taking up a large area of land for a given population which means infrastructure and services such as roads‚ water‚ sewerage‚ telephones‚ electricity and gas lines must be extended at great cost to the community. Urban sprawl also results in the loss of natural environment and ecosystems leaving less green space. The developing of high-rise apartments and high density
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However‚ the city is stressed with haphazard construction activities and release of untreated sewerage in the lakes and natural water bodies. This threatens the vulnerable ecosystem and biodiversity of Jammu and Kashmir. The changes have already been observed in its climate such as declining in quality of seasonal snow and glacier coverage. A complete
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risks expedite financial closure and timely completion of projects. In the developing economies‚ the infrastructure sectors such as Power‚ Roads and Highways‚ Telecommunications‚ Ports‚ Airports‚ Water Supply‚ Irrigation and Shipping‚ Railways and Sewerage systems require large investments. Adoption of sound project appraisal methodologies expedites investment in these sectors which are crucial for economic growth. In the banker perspective a structured analytical tool to take a credit decision
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cyclone caused a great destruction on the buildings where 70% of Darwin’s homes were destroyed or suffered from severe damage. 41‚000 out of 47‚000 people were homeless. And all the important public services such as communications‚ power‚ water and sewerage were severed. Furthermore‚ the over blown and blocked sewer lines resulted in a lack of sanitation‚ and poisons therefore leached out into the environment and caused diseases to spread. People were faced with threat of several diseases due to much
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family relationships. Gone are the traditional family values like filial piety and closeness of blood relations. Such great increases in the urban population numbers lead to related problems like insufficient homes‚ lack of schools and poor health and sewerage facilities. Finally‚ immigration to cities can be likened to fire. If used well‚ it can spread warmness‚ Otherwise‚ destruction of lives and property would result. There must be proactive programmes so that the population‚ like fire‚ can be harnessed
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is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets‚ where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily‚ used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems. The sound of cooking oil as the prime material for making candles may sound cliché. Yet‚ in this investigatory project‚ we will prove that cooking oils can be made to candles. Objectives The study we made was not just made for the completion
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more common in the developed world‚ with grey water being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. Most sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas and may include stormwater runoff. Sewerage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability
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