According to John Santrock‚ "Development" can be defines as a pattern of change that begins at conception and continues throughout the human ’s life‚ while the Oxford school dictionary defines "Physical" as having to do with the body rather than the mind. This article I examined written by Alex Brooks with further clarification from John Santrock‚ Brooks believe that person ’s view of physical development is more than just hitting the right percentiles on a height chart. He believes that with
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experiences such as: stress‚ social relationship. Moods become less extreme as adolescent move into adulthood‚ and this decrease in emotional fluctuation may reflect adaptation to hormone level and ability to cope with stress and social relations(Santrock‚2007). I was live in Pekanbaru when i face my early adolescence. I was a student in state junior high school. Students in my school was dominated by Melayunese and Minangkabau‚ Bataknesse was a minority. It was difficult for me when I interacted
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Under Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory‚ we understand that family is an important component in children’s development. Children’s development reflects the influence of several environment systems‚ especially family backgrounds. (Santrock‚ 2010‚ p. 31) Any experiences in families influence children’s personality positively or negatively. In order to have a better understanding of children‚ the most effective way is to form a collaborative partnership with families. Families are able to provide
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life-span development‚ my parents’ encouragement according to Santrock (2015) is what is called a heredity-environment correlation‚ which implies that people’s genes can be associated with genetic tendencies. Of the three correlations described‚ my parents encouragement fall into the passive genotype-environment correlation that happens when one’s biological ancestors also provide a rearing environment (Scarr‚ 1993‚ as cited in Santrock‚ 2015). Society’s encouragement on the other hand‚ was mostly
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world with words‚ images‚ and drawings. Symbolic thought goes beyond simple connections of sensory information and physical action. Stable concepts are formed‚ mental reasoning emerges‚ egocentrism is present‚ and magical beliefs are constructed."(Santrock‚ 2004‚ chap. 6). The third stage is the concrete operational stage. This stage begins at around age seven and ends at around age 11. It is during this third stage that children begin to think and reason about concrete events logically. "Children
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is appearing to lose its effect on individuals‚ as divorce has become epidemic in the United States (Hoelter‚ as cited by Santrock‚ 2011‚ pg. 459). Since 1960‚ the divorce rate has varied through the years‚ increasing considerably from 1960 to 1980‚ then gradually declining from the early 1980s to 2005‚ but recently increasing from 2005 to 2007 (Popenoe‚ as cited by Santrock‚ 2011‚ pg. 459). Divorce is a major disruption in the family life-cycling process‚ adding complexity to whatever developmental
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environmental processes such as beginning formal education and retirement (Santrock‚ 2008). Normative history graded influences are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances. Other normative history graded influences include economic‚ political‚ and social upheavals (Santrock‚ 2008). Non normative life events are unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the individual’s life (Santrock‚ 2008). During this essay Joanne’s development stages will be discussed
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References: Essential of lifespan development‚ John Santrock‚ University of Texas at Dallas‚ published 2008 Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development‚ Kendra Cherry‚ http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial.htm Simply psychology‚ Erickson’ theory‚ Saul McLeod‚ published
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through positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement‚ they explained‚ occurs when a response is strengthened by the subsequent presentation of a stimulus. This stimulus can be food‚ drink‚ attention‚ praise or money. Etsy & Fisher (1991) as cited in Santrock (2004) confirm that positive behaviour can be learnt through television and that television can have positive influences on children ’s development by presenting motivating educational programmes‚ increasing children ’s information about the world
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continually develop physically‚ cognitively‚ socially and behaviorally through all stages of life. Working in the Behavioral health field the life-span development theories can help with specific behaviors of people and experiences. According to Santrock (2007) “personality can be better understood if it is examined developmentally.” Behavioral Health counselors must provide clients proper context and explanations. This can be achieved through the basic theories of cognitive‚ biological and socio-emotional
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