Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism may attribute to the differences btw Religion & Magic. Ethnocentrism is a cultural attitude that one’s own culture is the best‚ thus we evaluate other cultures on the basis of our own cultural perspective. On the other hand‚ Cultural Relativism is opposite of ethnocentrism and is based on understanding other cultures in the context of that culture only and not from our own cultural standard. According to Durkheim religion is a system of beliefs and practices
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Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs‚ customs‚ and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words‚ right and wrong are culture-specific; what is considered right in one society may be considered wrong in another‚ and‚ since no universal standard of morality exists‚ no one has the right to judge another society’s customs. Morality is built within communal groups‚ for example a faith community e.g. a church. The morality of one social group is not better
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Utilitarianism‚ by John Stuart Mill‚ is an essay written to provide support for the value of utilitarianism as a moral theory‚ and to respond to misconceptions about it. Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness‚ wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." Mill defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain. He argues that pleasure can differ in quality and quantity‚ and that pleasures
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5. Relativism Many different ideas have been given the name ‘relativism’‚ and the term has been used to pillory all sorts of views (sometimes for good reasons‚ sometimes for bad ones). It is mere posturing to say that you are for or against “relativism” unless you say what you mean by the term. Here I want mainly to discuss (and to criticize) a view I have encountered among students in philosophy courses‚ who say things like this: "What anyone believes is true for that person. What you believe
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Described as being objectively true * Subjective relativism: the view that truth depends solely on what someone believes – the truth is relative to the individual (what each person believes it to be) * Problems with this include: if we could make something true by just believing it we could never be wrong * Its self- defeating since it involves logical contradiction * Consider the statement: all truth is relative * Social relativism - the view that the truth is relative to to societies
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University of Cambridge‚ is the threat of relativism. Blackburn describes in his novel‚ Ethics: A Very Short Introduction‚ the dangers of relying on the fact that truth and moral values are relative to certain individuals and cultures rather than universal. Some of these dangers‚ which I will describe further in this essay‚ include the lack of universal truth and the belief that one’s values cannot affect relations with another. Dangers‚ such as these‚ cause relativism to threaten people’s standards of behavior
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perceptions are equally true. This of course is the extreme form of relativism that Protagoras claims when he asserts that man is the measure of all things in regards to truth. It seems that if all perceptions (e.g. judgments and beliefs) are equally true‚ there can be no room for expertise. But what is Protagoras to say of our natural inclination that such things as wisdom and the wise really do exist among individuals? If Protagoras’ relativism is to be accepted‚ he must explain how expertise is possible
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Week 2 Lesson 1 Critical Thinking Amanda Pochatko Obstacles to CT Critical Thinking is hard and requires awareness‚ practice‚ and motivation Two main categories of obstacles Psychological (how we think) Philosophical (what we think) Psychological Obstacles No one is immune to these types of obstacles Our fears‚ attitudes‚ motivations‚ and desires all play into this category of obstacles Can be countered with awareness 1 Week 2 Lesson 1 I often doubt my view of things. I don’t
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false‚” has been discussed for many years‚ and despite this fact people still haven’t agreed on a concrete answer. Some people deny the existence of “absolute truth” and believe that all points of view are equally valuable: this belief is called relativism. Others believe in the concept of “absolute truth‚” and say that we can distinguish true from false: this belief is called absolutism. In order to understand the claim we need to study the different points of views‚ evaluate the way in which people
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in Meliorative Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/cv_756002/docview/1111853938/fulltextPDF/13C06554AFF58193594/1?accountid=32521 Slick‚ M. (2012). Cognitive Relativism. Retrieved from: http://carm.org/secular-movements/relativism/cognitive-relativism Steup‚ M. (2005). Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/
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