[10/23/12] Chapter 5 LEARNING * BEHAVIOR CHANGES THAT ARE DUE TO OUR EXPERIENCES OR THE ENVIRONENT * Simplest form of learning involves our senses * Simplest form learning = Habituation: Adjusting to stimuli that do not change. Example: You go into a guy’s room and smell something terrible‚ after a while you get used to the environment/smell and don’t even notice it. * Humans learn similarly to animals. Patterns of responding are similar to animals. * Types of Conditioning:
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In 1898‚ Edward Thorndike accentuated the strengths and weaknesses of stimulus-response connections with the introduction of the theory of learning. The premise of Thorndike’s research implied that rewards and punishment have distinct yet an equal impact on human behaviors. However‚ one of the more well-known learning theorists in modern times is B.F. Skinner‚ who shares comparable behavioral observation as Thorndike‚ in that behaviors are learned as a consequence of actions. Further testing of
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LEARNING Learning- a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – learning based on association of stimuli OPERANT CONDITIONING – Kind of learning based on the association of consequences with one’s behavior. Premack principle – This states that a more preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity. Reinforcement schedules differ in two ways: • What determines when reinforcement is delivered – the number of responses made (ratio) or
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& Social Cognitive Views of Learning Lecture Highlights: Definitions of Behavioral Learning Theory Classical Conditioning – Pavlov Operant Conditioning - Skinner Trial-and-error Learning / The Law of Effect - Thorndike Social Learning Theory - Bandura I. Behavioral Learning Theories: Explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviors… the behavioral view generally assumes that the outcome of learning is the change in behavior.
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Introduction to Learning Theory and Behavioral Psychology Learning can be defined as the process leading to relatively permanent behavioral change or potential behavioral change. In other words‚ as we learn‚ we alter the way we perceive our environment‚ the way we interpret the incoming stimuli‚ and therefore the way we interact‚ or behave. John B. Watson (1878-1958) was the first to study how the process of learning affects our behavior‚ and he formed the school of thought known as Behaviorism
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The effect of positive reinforcement of grade 2 students on BEd SMC regarding on their cooperation in class A Research Presented By Joanna S. Villarosa Ellaine D. Endriga (BS Psychology-3) Submitted to: Miss. Melody Duaves (Teacher) St. Michael’s Colloge‚ Iligan City February 2013 Table of Content I. Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………. II. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… a. Reviewed literature …………………………………………………………. b. Concept of framework
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Behavioral and Social Learning Approach Assessment In the continual study of personality‚ two additional approaches have been analyzed to find that the personality is developed also by behavioral and social learning theories. The two theories are widely alike but viewed from different perspectives. The behavioral learning theory is studied that only the observable can contribute to the personality. Attitude change‚ student-teacher interaction and job satisfaction are the behaviorist’s perspective
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and the social learning theory. The main assumptions made by the behaviourists are • That scientific methods should be used to study only behaviour that is observable • The environment (i.e. the people or events in it) causes our behaviour • The two ways in which we learn from the environment are through classical and operant conditioning. The classical conditioning theory was developed by a Russian psychologist called Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). Classical conditioning (learning by association)
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What is learning? According to Hergenhahn and Olson (2005)‚ learning is defined as " a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potentiality that comes from experience and cannot be attributed to temporary body states such as those induced by illness‚ fatigue‚ or drugs" (p. 8). The study of learning is important because it gives us a greater comprehension of how behavior is learned. By understanding the learning process we can manipulate the environment to encourage normal behavior that
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Although by using positive reinforcement in rewarding children could be beneficial to the child’s growth‚ It also should be avoided in the long-term due to the negative consequences. When children are trying to learn something new‚ could be difficult to remember at first‚ or it could be that they are just not interested enough to want to learn. If children knew that in doing something their parents asked would get them candy they would try to complete the task in order for them to receive more rewards
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