Revenue and sales maximization Revenue maximization Maximizing sales revenue is an alternative to profit maximization and occurs when the marginal revenue‚ MR‚ from selling an extra unit is zero. The notion that business firms (especially those operating in the real world) are primarily motivated by the desire to achieve the greatest possible level of sales‚ rather than profit maximization. On a day-to-day basis‚ most real world firms probably do try to maximize sales rather than profit. For firms
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we are going to explain the role of shareholders‚ directors and partners in the different types of business; and then we will see the importance of legal constraints on decision making within business organisations. 1- THE ROLE OF THE SHAREHOLDERS: There are no shares in the sole trader and partnership ownership; that is why shareholders do not apply in these two types of businesses. In Private Limited Companies‚ there must be at least two shareholders but no maximum number. The principal
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Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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Primary objective: Maximise shareholder wealth. Shareholder wealth is maximised by dividend payments and a capital gain through higher share price. Secondary objectives: Meet financial targets (e.g. satisfactory ROCE) Meet productivity targets Establish brands and quality standards Establish effective communication with customers‚ suppliers‚ employees. Why is Maximising Shareholder Wealth the Main Objective? 1. Wealth Maximisation Considers Cash Flows Shareholders of a company can realize
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Maximizing Shareholder Value: The Role of the Financial Manager Today ’s business world shows a huge diversification in the shareholders of one company. In most countries‚ each investor only holds a very small fraction of issued shares by one corporation. This includes also the senior management. Determining the objectives of the firm is not necessarily a straightforward task because the typical firm will have many types of participants. Among these participants are shareholders‚ creditors
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Question a) What are the responsibilities of a company? Martin Friedman believes that businesses do not have any moral obligations or social responsibilities at all‚ other than to maximize their own profit. This view is called “Shareholder Theory”. Friedman argued that a company should have no social responsibility to the public or society because it’s only concern is to increase profits for itself and for its shareholders. He states that‚ when companies concern themselves with the community rather
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Managerial Economics August 15‚ 2007 The key points underpinning the economics of a profit maximizing firm Neoclassical model of the firm states that organization will have the main objective of maximizing its profit within a given period of time. Maximum profit was achieved at the output at which marginal cost is equal marginal revenue. There are several factors which need to be considered when talking about the profit maximizing firm: 1. The assumption of the profit maximizing firm is that
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Memo to Shareholders – Carpino Company To: Shareholders‚ Carpino Company Inc. From: Subject: First Year Performance of Carpino Company Introduction Upon completion of Carpino Company’s first year of business‚ it is with great satisfaction that I present to you the year end Cash Flow Statement and analysis for the period ended January 31‚ 2007. You will notice the statement as presented shows in detail the various operating‚ investing‚ and financing activities of the organization. Analysis
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Requirements for Valid Action at a Shareholder Meeting * Read statute‚ bylaws and articles * 1. Authority for the meeting * 2. Proper notice (or waiver of notice) * 3. Quorum * 4. Required number of votes cast in favor 1. Authority for Meeting * The meeting must be authorized * Look to statute and bylaws for authorization * Annual meetings MBCA §7.01 * Special meetings MBCA § 7.02 * Court ordered meetings MBCA § 7.03
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Introduction This paper specifically tries to distinguish between shareholder and stakeholder in business context. Firstly‚ there will be analysed main ideas of stakeholder theory‚ main principles of it. Secondly‚ the importance and characteristics of stakeholder interdependence will be shown. Thirdly‚ clear identification of main stakeholder groups and relationship between those groups will be outlined. In order‚ to distinguish shareholders from other stakeholders there will be paragraph analysing identity
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