6. POLYMERS and elastomers Lecture no. 1 Objectives: Definition‚ Functionality‚ Classification of high polymers – based on origin‚ molecular structure. 6.1.1. DEFINITION: The word polymer is derived from the two greek words‚ poly and meros‚ meaning many and parts or units respectively. Polymers are macro molecules formed by linking smaller molecules repeatedly‚ called monomers. Examples: Polythene is formed by linking a large number of ethene (or ethylene) molecules together
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1. Important characteristics required for materials in Automotive Engineering Polymers have been used in the automotive industry for many decades. It is regarded as an efficient material as it is very durable and could significantly reduce production costs. However‚ as technology advances‚ new polymers are found and better alternatives are paved for the automotive industry. The vehicles we see today are very different than that of the yesteryears. This proves how far the automotive industry has
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INTERCHAPTER S Synthetic Polymers The formation of nylon by a condensation polymerization reaction at the interface of water and hexane‚ two immiscible solvents. The lower water layer contains the compound hexanedioyl dichloride‚ Cl C(CH2)4C O O Cl hexanedioyl dichloride The reaction produces nylon and HCl(aq). The polymer forms at the interface between the two solutions and is drawn out as a continuous strand. University Science Books‚ ©2011. All rights reserved. www.uscibooks.com
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Chapter 9 The World of Plastics and Polymers Overview • Plastics are all around us – Polymers‚ materials whose molecules consist of long chain of atoms • Natural • Synthetic • Use of material and impact on economy‚ lifestyle‚ and leisure – Word plastic to some carry connotation “cheap” or “tacky” – Synthetic polymers revolutionised modern life • eg plastics become important in automobile industry‚ some new plastics stronger than steel and resist corrosion‚ less dense than structural
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Biodegradation is the breakdown of polymer by microbial organism such as bacteria‚ fungi etc. into smaller compounds. The microbial organisms degrade the polymer through metabolic or enzymatic processes. Synthetic plastics are resistant to degradation‚ and consequently their disposal is fuelling an international drive for the development of biodegradable polymers. A variety of natural‚ synthetic‚ and biosynthetic polymers are bio and environmentally degradable. A polymer based on a C-C backbone tends
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1 Experiment 15: Exploring the World of Polymers Objective: In this experiment‚ you will explore a class of chemical compounds known as polymers. You will synthesize and modify polymers‚ test their properties and use a fabrication technique to produce an object from a polymer. Introduction (See Tro‚ pp 985-987.) The importance of both natural and synthetic polymers in our lives cannot be overestimated. The desirable properties of these macromolecules‚ such as tensile strength and flexibility
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yChapter 3. Polymer Processing Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3.1. Procedure for casting sheets of polymer. Polymer Materials Page 2 Polymer Process Techniques HEMA = hydroxyethyl methacrylate EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Fig. 3.2. Centrifugal mold for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lenses Solvent casting of films Fig. 3.3. Laboratory spreading device for the solution casting of films. Polymer Materials Page 3 Polymer Process Techniques
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1.1 DEFINING POLYMERS Polymers are materials of very high molecular weight that are found to have multifarious applications in our modern society. They usually consist of several structural units bound together by covalent bonds [1‚2]. For example‚ polyethylene is a long-chain polymer and is represented by ÀCH2 CH2 CH2 À or ½ÀCH2 CH2 Àn ð1:1:1Þ where the structural (or repeat) unit is ÀCH2ÀCH2À and n represents the chain length of the polymer. Polymers are obtained through
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1. GUPTA‚ A.‚ BAJAJ‚ P.‚ & PALIWAL‚ D. (1998). Journal of Applied Polymer Science‚ 70(2703). Retrieved September 26‚ 2014. 2. Sreekumar‚ T.‚ & Sen‚ K. (2001). Effect of Reaction medium on Radical Polymerization of Acrylonitrile with Vinyl acids. Poly sci.‚ 79(1640). Retrieved September 26‚ 2014. 3. (n.d.). In http://www.pslc.ws/mactest/pan.htm. Retrieved September 26‚ 2014 4. Serkov‚ A.‚ & Radishevskii‚ M. (2008). Status and Prospects For Production Of Carbon Fibres Based on Polyacrylonitrile
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Polymers are a part of our every day life and without them around‚ this world would be very‚ very different‚ if not impossible to live in. However‚ most people do not even know what a polymer is‚ or just how widespread they are around us. Polymers are formed from hydrocarbons‚ hydrocarbon derivatives‚ or sometimes from silicon. They are the basis not only for numerous natural materials‚ but also for most of the synthetic plastics that one encounters in their lives. Polymers consist of extremely large
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