POLITENESS and INTERACTION A. Politeness Being polite in communication means showing awareness of another face. B. Face 1) Positive face 2) Negative face 3) Positive face threatening acts 4) Negative face threatening acts C. Strategies of Politeness 1) Bald on record The speaker directly asks for the thing that he or she needs. Example: Benny is in a conversation with his father at 11 pm. Benny is getting sleepy. He really wants to go to bed soon. He directly
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Politeness maxims 1 Politeness maxims According to Geoffrey Leech‚ there is a politeness principle with conversational maxims similar to those formulated by Paul Grice. He lists six maxims: tact‚ generosity‚ approbation‚ modesty‚ agreement‚ and sympathy. The first and second form a pair‚ as do the third and the fourth. These maxims vary from culture to culture: what may be considered polite in one culture may be strange or downright rude in another. The Tact maxim The tact maxim states:
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How does the English language enable us to express ‘politeness’? The definition of politeness is ‘Having or showing behavior that is respectful and considerate of other people’(Oxford Dictionary) it is a social construct that has formulated by humans to communicate in society. They are usually taught in the home and in society through our norms and values of socialisation .Linguistically‚ politeness is a form of pragmatic‚ ‘the study of how interlocutors use their own knowledge of a language to
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Politeness is certainly valued amongst all cultures; however what it means to be polite varies from culture to culture. What may be considered as a common act of politeness in one society may be completely foreign and unheard of in another. Politeness is usually conveyed through verbal communication; however even the morphological structure of a sentence can often express politeness. This essay will discuss how various linguistic devices and the use of politeness in particular interactions differs
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Redressive Language Politeness Strategy At our Group meeting in March‚ XYZ’s leadership team outlined our strategy to become the world’s leading international air cargo company. (line 2-3) Positive‚ Intensify interest to hearer This means we have to become a company that is easier for our customers to do business with and where it is easier for you to work. (line 4-5) Positive‚ Give reason We‚ our (line 4) Positive‚ Use in-group identity markers For all of XYZ’s many strengths as an organization
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actions reveal a lot of the gender asymmetries in our society. Many of these asymmetries are revealed in the ways in which levels of certainty and uncertainty are expressed in people’s speech. Moreover‚ face threatening acts and strategic ways to use politeness are means in which people some times displayed the expected genders and is also ways in which they break those societal expectations as well. In the second presidential debate we witness many ways in which the candidates and the moderator display
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HISTORICAL POLITENESS IN GREAT BRITAIN Eva Marín Caballero Historical Pragmatics Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Wintersemester 2013/2014 Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Politeness and Face-work: Background information - Definitions - A face-based model: Brown and Levinson (1987) - Politeness vs. Impoliteness 3. Politeness in the history of English - From positive to negative politeness culture - Politeness in Old English - Politeness in Middle English: curteisie - Politeness
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Positive and Negative Politeness Moh. Alim Musonnafa Brawijaya University‚ E-mail : a02.moh.alimmuson@gmail.com Being polite is not as easy as people think about politeness. People tend to think politeness as a simply thing like saying thank you and please in appropriate place (Holmes‚ 2001). For instance‚ children are taught to say please for being polite when they make a request. But the word please for adults can be more than just being polite‚ sometimes they use please to give more power
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Introduction People have different ways to express politeness and they usually use a range of different linguistic expressions to do so‚ depending on the relationship with the addressee. This research will explain Browns and Levinson’s politeness theory and will recognize how universal this theory is and weather it can be applied on Japanese language taking into account the difference in cultures. Brown and Levinson’s theory of Politeness and how it applies in Arabic: Brown and Levinson`s theory
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politeness behavior in a way that takes into account the constraints on individual behavior that derive from the social setting without assuming that individual cultures are homogeneous or that there is homogeneity across cultures. The theory of relative face orientation We have discussed that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face-saving politeness theory has been undermined for its inability to be applied universally. In surveying recent studies in cross-cultural communication‚ Mao (1994) mentions Janney
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