ROD CELLS Rod cells‚ or rods‚ are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor‚ cone cells. Rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average‚ there are approximately 125 million rod cells in the human retina.[1] More sensitive than cone cells‚ rod cells are almost entirely responsible for night vision. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Rods are a little longer and leaner
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detecting a countless variety of colors and responding to small amounts of light. The globe of the human eye consists of a tough‚ white outer layer of connective tissue called the sclera and a thin‚ inner layer called the choroid. A layer of epithelial cells forms a mucous membrane called the conjunctiva that covers the outer surface of the sclera and helps keep the eye moist. At the front of the eye‚ the sclera is then called the cornea‚ which lets light into the eye and acts as a fixed lens. The anterior
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cornea and the lens to focus the light onto the photoreceptors of the retina to produce a focussed image. The photoreceptors on the retina include rods and cones. The rods contain
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TITLE PINEAL GLAND: “THE HIDDEN EYE” INTRODUCTION The third eye‚ also referred as parietal eye or pineal eye‚ is a photosensory organ that triggers hormone production and thermoregulation. This eye cannot see in quite the same way as the main eyes‚ instead only detecting shapes and shadows rather than full pictures. They are also highly sensitive to changes in light and dark – producing markedly different hormones based on time of day. It produces melatonin‚ a hormone that affects the modulation
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I. Our Senses Encode the Information Our Brains Perceive * Synesthesia- The perceptual experience of one sense that is evoked by another sense * For many years scientists dismissed synesthesia as rare curiosity or outright faking * Far more common than previously believed * Brain regions for different sensory modalities cross-activate one another * Sensation- Simple stimulation of a sense organ * Perception- The organization‚ identification‚ and interpretation of a sensation
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We are able to visualize‚ feel‚ smell‚ and hear the world around us due to a system called the sensory system. All around the surface of our body we have detectors that are known as receptors. These receptors‚ in the form of cells‚ are specialized to capture specific forms of energy- whether heat‚ light‚ chemical‚ or mechanical (1). The environmental cues that are detected by our receptors on the surface of our body are then transformed into electrical signals‚ or nerve impulses‚ that can be sent
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adulthood. The balance of an individual is usually also affected with retinitis pigmentosa. The other part of Usher Syndrome‚ the hearing loss‚ is due to a genetic mutation affecting nerve cells in the cochlea‚ a sound transmitting structure in the inner ear. The same genetic effect also adversely affects photoreceptor cells in the retina leading to vision loss. Usher Syndrome is a heterogeneous disease meaning it comes in several different types‚ in our case 3 and they are called Usher Syndrome 1‚ Usher
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1. Sensation There are different modalities (forms) of sensation Sound‚ pain‚ pressure‚ touch‚ stretch‚ vibration‚ heat‚ cold‚ vision‚ taste‚ smell‚ proprioreception‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ gustation‚ etc. Each modality has a specific receptor Each modality is conducted by sensory (afferent) neurons to the CNS and is the result of different neural pathways and synaptic connections 2. Sensory Pathways 3. Law of Specific Nerve Energy Each sensory neuron carries information about
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objects) and holds photoreceptors. Photoreceptors are used to absorb light energy‚ which are bent by a transparent unit called the lens. Some photoreceptors in the eye are the rod cell and cone cell. Rod cells are used in dim light for coarse images and motion and are concentrated at the edge of the retina‚ while cone cells are used in daytime for sharp vision and color and are centered at the center of the retina in the fovea. Inside the retina is an optic nerve that lacks photoreceptors‚ creating a blind
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- The major functions of the cell is concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average‚ there are about 125 million rod cells in the human retina. Rod cells are almost entirely responsible for night vision. Rod cells do not process fine details or color differences‚ but are highly sensitive to light. A single flash of light is all that is require to produce a response from a rod cell. Rod cells function as specialized neurons that convert visual stimuli in
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