Descartes divides ideas into three kinds: innate ideas‚ adventitious ideas‚ and factitious ideas. He says‚ “among my ideas‚ some appear to be innate‚ some appear to be adventitious‚ and other have been invented by me. My understanding of what a thing is‚ what truth is‚ and what thought is‚ seems to derive simply from my own nature. But my hearing a noise‚ as I do now‚ or seeing the sun‚ or feeling the fire‚ comes from things which are located outside me‚ or so I have hitherto judged. Lastly‚
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Like Descartes‚ Montesquieu associated freedom as being in accordance with reason. Unlike Descartes‚ Montesquieu did discuss external freedom as embodied through law more at length‚ and also wrote extensively on the subject of slavery. In The Spirit of Laws‚ Montesquieu writes that “… political liberty does not consist in an unlimited freedom. In governments‚ that is‚ in societies directed by laws‚ liberty can consist only in the power of doing what we ought to will‚ and in not being constrained
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The existence of God has always been a commonly asked question in the world today. Since there is no scientifically proven answer‚ arguments have been accumulated over time. One being the Pascal Wager’s argument. This theory states that either God exists or God does not exist‚ you can either wager for God or wager against God. This belief advocates the belief in God rather than providing evidence. Does Pascal’s Wager commit the fallacy of appealing to consequences? Each individual mental processes
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Wager Pascals Wager relies on many assumptions that are not necessarily true‚ by proving the falsehood of these assumptions the Wager falls apart. First the wager assumes that God cannot tell the difference between true faith and fained faith. Second is that doesn’t care if one’s willingness to believe is based purely in self interest. Third‚ if there is a possibility for God to exist there is an equal possibility for him to be nothing like we think. First off what exactly is Pascals Wager.
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Luis Puga Trig. Ms.Candidato 2/20/12 The Pascal’s Triangle The Pascal’s Triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients. The system after French mathematician Blaise Pascal. The set of numbers that form Pascal’s triangle were known before Pascal. However‚ Pascal developed many uses of it and was the first one to organize all the information together in his treatise‚ Traité du triangle arithmétique (1653). The numbers originally arose from Hindu studies of combinatorics and binomial
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Abstract and Referential Ontology: Descartes Versus Spinoza on the Existence of God. The concept of God is central to the development of Cartesian and Spinozan philosophy. Although both philosophers employ an ontological argument for the existence and necessity of God the specific nature of God differs greatly with each account. While Descartes suggests a Judeo-Christian concept of God‚ Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most significant difference
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infinite number of ways of examining love and religion but none of them can be taken as fact and none of them can be guaranteed as false. In this paper‚ I will examine the ways that Rene Descartes and Saint Augustine examine their lives and what they feel makes their life worth living. In the Meditations‚ Descartes attempts to doubt everything that is possible to doubt. He is uncertain of the existence of many things from God and himself. Then he goes on to start proving that things do exist by
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prove that God exists. Unlike Descartes‚ who tries to prove God’s existence through the idea of God himself Pascal does not think such a proof can succeed. Pascal does a good job in his argument because he takes both sides into account and comes to a reasonable conclusion using mathematics. Overall‚ Pascal’s wager is preferable to Descartes’ meditations because they contain many errors and do not appeal to people outside of Descartes’ own mind or beliefs. Pascal focuses on the question: Should
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Substance Esha Jain Descartes and Spinoza are both regarded as rationalists‚ and for good reason. There is quite a bit of similarity in the methodology used by both modern philosophers as they try to make sense of the world and establish what is true. Both philosophers have implemented an orderly way to construct their arguments as a way to seek the perfect‚ whole truth. One essential truth that both Descartes and Spinoza strive to understand is on the matter of substance. Descartes implores the possibility
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mathematician‚ René Descartes (1596-1650)‚ published Discourse on Method‚ Optics‚ Geometry‚ and Meteorology in which he maintains that he had established two universal criteria to distinguish animals and machines from humans‚ and thus those entities without souls from those with. His criteria are the entity must have the capacity for speech and act from knowledge. His justifications that machines do not meet these two criteria are sound; however‚ he fails to verify that animals do the same. Descartes’ argument
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