Behavior Modification Applications: Potential Final Exam Questions Chapter 16 [Questions 1‚ 2‚ 4‚ 5‚ 11‚ 15‚ 16‚ 19‚ 21] 1. Define stimulus generalization and give an example that is not in this chapter. Stimulus generalization is the procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation‚ and the effect of the response becoming more probable in the presence of another stimulus or situation. Basically‚ a person responds the same way to two different stimuli
Premium Operant conditioning Behavior Behaviorism
CYP Core 3.1: 2.3 Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practices. There have been many theories on how children develop and learn‚ some of the theorists who influence the educators of today on how to best teach children. Jean Piaget Cognitive Piaget studied the thinking and logic of children and he believed that children had different logic to adults. Piaget started his theory by observing and studying his own children and concluded
Premium Maslow's hierarchy of needs Psychology Reinforcement
Pavlov (1849 - 1936) discovered that once dogs had learned to associate the ringing of the bell with receiving food‚ they could be conditioned to salivate when they heard a bell‚ regardless of the presence of food. This became known as Classical Conditioning. Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) developed systematic desensitisation‚ and his approach was to work with a patient to build a hierarchy of anxiety-inducing situations. A relaxation technique would be learned for each stage of the hierarchy‚ starting with
Premium Psychology Sigmund Freud Behaviorism
(long quotation) He thought that the majority of response by humans do not result from obvious stimuli. The notion of reinforcement had been introduced by Thorndike‚ and Skinner developed this idea much further. Skinner’s system is based on operant conditioning. The organism‚ while going about it’s everyday activities‚ is in the process of “operating” on the environment. In the course of its activities‚ the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus‚ called a reinforcing stimulus‚ or simply
Premium Psychology Reinforcement Operant conditioning
The social learning theory is based on operant conditioning which suggests that children learn to be aggressive by observing the behaviour of those around them‚ particularly the behaviour of significant others‚ such as parents or elder siblings. By seeing others being rewarded or punished for their behaviour‚ the child experiences vicarious reinforcement. From these models‚ children therefore learn about the nature of aggressive behaviour‚ the situations it is appropriate and its likely consequences
Premium Aggression Social learning theory Learning
and a six pack of beer. She is the mother of three girls and three boys. She has developed health issues related to her long term drinking habit. Mrs. Freeman wants to quit drinking for her own health and the health of her children. Classical conditioning could explain Mrs. Freeman’s drinking addition. Her drinking acted as an unconditioned stimulus. As she continued to drink‚ she craved for more drinks and then stronger drinks this becomes her unconditioned response. Over time social‚ environmental
Premium Operant conditioning Classical conditioning Reward system
Learning Theory and Behaviorism October 16‚ 2012 Wundt’s Structuralism: • Goal was to analyze the structure of conscious experience into its elements and components and their associative relationships. It was a form of metal chemistry • Developed of the technique introspection‚ which requires trained introspectionists to look inward and describe/analyze the contents of their experience to a stimulus word • Edward Titchner brought structuralism to the U.S. @ Cornell university
Premium Reinforcement Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
partner are fulfilled by the other. If a rewarding stimulus creates a happy feeling and a punishing stimulus evokes an unhappy feeling then it follows that people who make us happy are rewarding stimuli and vice versa. The learning method of operant conditioning means that we are likely to repeat behaviour that provides us with or leads to a desirable outcome. Byrne and Clore use this in their theory to suggest why we enter into relationships. The presence of some individuals is directly linked to
Premium Personality psychology Experiment Interpersonal relationship
learned to press the lever again and again to gain access to the food that was placed outside the cage. Thorndike called this “Law of Effect”‚ simply‚ because the cage-cat illustration showed how the animal learned (stimulus-response) through operant conditioning” (Thorndike 1911). Reinforcement can be either positive or negative (Miltenberger‚ 2011). Both have their own merits and demerits. Positive reinforcement is often considered as more desirable‚ especially‚ since the negative reinforcement
Premium Reinforcement Operant conditioning B. F. Skinner
-Byrne and Clore proposed a theory which is based on a behavioural approach and consists of two elements “Reward” and “Need”. -“Reward” is based on the idea of operant condition which means if someone creates a positive feeling in us then we are more likely to be attracted to them. -“Need” is based on the idea of classical conditioning meaning we associate people with positive events therefore we are more likely to be attracted to a person who we associate happy feelings and experiences with.
Premium Classical conditioning Personality psychology Operant conditioning