Ideal gases: No volume‚ no intermolecular forces Atoms/Molecules that are gases at room temperature Noble Gases. H2‚ N2‚ O2‚ F2‚ Cl2. Methane‚ ethane‚ propane‚ butane Gas: Fills the container. Forces of intermolecular attraction are weak. Vapor: Gas state of a substance that is usually a liquid or solid Ek = (Kinetic energy of a gas molecule) Mu2/2. U2 = 3 (R Gas Constant) (Temperature in Kelvin) / molar mass in kg Speed goes Up with temp and down with mass Pressure: Collisions with the side of a
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ionizing radiations produced by x-rays‚ gas radon‚ cosmic rays‚ ultraviolet radiations of the Sun and some mineral fibers like the asbestos. Between the chemical mutagens they are: the benzopiren present in the heavy smoke of the cigarette and tar‚ nitritos‚ nitrosamins‚ metals as the lead‚ cadmium or mercury‚ hormones injected to the cattle‚ aflatoxins and others more. Between the biological ones they are certain bacteria and virus like the Virus of the Human Papilloma‚ the Epstein-Barr‚ the one
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brushless electric motors. Most fuel-powered models use glow plug engines‚ small internal combustion engines fueled by a special mixture of nitromethane‚ methanol‚ and oil (in most cases a blend of castor oil and synthetic oil). These are referred to as "nitro" cars. Recently‚ exceptionally large models have been introduced that are powered by small gasoline engines‚ similar to weedwhacker motors‚ which use a mix of oil and gasoline. Electric cars are generally considered easier for the novice to work with
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stability by deprotonating the intermediate and yields the final product‚ in this case is methyl-m-nitrobenzoate. This experiment will be carried out under controlled temperature of 15oC or lower‚ since higher temperature will result in the second nitro group addition. In this experiment‚ student will observe the mechanism of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction through the nitration of methyl
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Expt. BL 304 Kinetics of Alkaline Phosphatase Objective To study the kinetics of alkaline phosphatase. Procedure 1. Sodium carbonate - sodium bicarbonate buffer: Dissolve 20 ml of 0.2 M solution of sodium carbonate (2.12 gm in 100 ml distilled water) and 230 ml of 0.2 M sodium bicarbonate (4.12 gm in 250 ml distilled water) to make up the volume 250 ml with pH 9 -9.2 2. 5 N sodium hydroxide solution (10 gm in 50 ml distilled water) 3. Substrate stock solution: Dissolve 0.1 gm of p-nitrophynyl
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user spending more. Below is the example that supports my above reasoning: Kathon MWX vs Tris Nitro: Tris Nitro‚ another product that was available at the time when Kathon MWX was introduced into the market. However‚ Kathon MWX comes with a pack that supports 25 gallon fluid tank whereas the Tris Nitro supports 50 gallon fluid tank for the same price. Also‚ the products were designed differently. Tris Nitro is effective only 3 days whereas Kathon MWX is effective for 21 days. Let’s consider users have
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PSA_2D level Level Level 2-nitro-3-phenyl-3- 6a (phenylthio)propan- 3 2 -0.956743 0 -1.19046 3.633 63.638 1-ol 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2- 6b nitro-3- 2 1 -1.21276 0 -0.792508 4.576 63.638 (phenylthio)propan- 1-ol 3-(4- methoxyphenyl)-2- 6c nitro-3- 2 2 -2.05551 0 0.0841152 3.617 72.568 (phenylthio)propan- 1-ol 3-(4-chlorophenyl)- 6d 2-nitro-3- 2 1 1.03838 0 0.0179724 4.298 63.638 (phenylthio)propan-
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HEALTH HAZARDS OF THE DYE INDUSTRY . The first step in prevention of poisoning in the dye industry includes well-ventilated‚ properly equipped buildings. Selection of workmen is important and the use of the best methods in manufacturing. These investigations‚ which are based on 2‚500 employees‚ whose blood was tested periodically‚ yield some minor diagnostic material. The hazards of the dye industry are those connected with any industry plus the poisonous chemicals necessarily handled in the
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nitration. The nitration of benzaldehyde is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction‚ in which a proton of an aromatic ring is replaced by a nitro group. Many aromatic substitution reactions are known to occur when an aromatic substrate is allowed to react with a suitable electrophilic reagent‚ and many other groups besides nitro may be introduced into the ring. Although the reaction produced a low yield at the end‚ the yield is calculated from the reaction and limiting reagent. Keywords:
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2-(2‚4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine Peter Defnet and Cody Krepps Department of Chemstry Juniata College Huntingdon‚ PA September 18‚ 2012 Abstract: Nitration of 2-benzylpyridine is supposed to yield 2-(2‚4-Dinitrobenzyl) pyridine‚ when electrophilic aromatic substitution is the mechanism. Experiencing many pitfalls‚ however‚ has lead to the actual product obtained to contain the expected product‚ as well as many impurities. This report examines the supposed mechanism for the electrophilic substitution
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