Chapter 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections‚ Sixth Edition Campbell‚ Reece‚ Taylor‚ Simon‚ and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Introduction: Chilling Out Bears sleep a lot during winter But bears do not hibernate Instead‚ they become dormant – Body temperature drops from 37°C to 31–34°C – True hibernators may cool to 30°C Dormant bears – Are easily awakened – True
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organs of excretion. Their main function is to separate urine from the blood which flows through it. Each kidney receives blood through the renal artery and are drained by the renal veins. The excretory units of the kidneys are called nephrons. The nephrons filter out water‚ wastes and other substances such as urea and salts from the blood. This is followed by the reabsorption of water and other essential substances such as amino acids and glucose by the kidneys. The waste (or filtrate) are
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the blood then selectively reabsorbs Blood passes into a nephron (a long tube) Bowman’s capsule which contains a clump of capillaries (glomerulus) Nephron connects with collecting tubes that empty into the bladder The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. There are millions of nephrons. Filtration Everything other that protein‚ red‚ and white cells‚ drug bound to proteins passes through pores in capillaries into the nephron Distal Reabsorption Non-ionized drug molecules (lipid soluble)
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The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body while also maintaining water and chemical balances. The main organs of the excretory system are the kidneys‚ the ureters‚ the bladder‚ the urethra‚ the skin‚ and the lungs. The main things that the body must excrete are nitrogen wastes and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen wastes are a byproduct of protein metabolism. Protein metabolism is the making of amino acids into proteins and the breaking-down of proteins into amino acids. Carbon dioxide
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a shell around the medulla. The tissues dip into the medulla between the adjacent renal pyramids to form renal columns. The granular appearance of the cortex is due to the random arrangement of tiny tubules associated with nephrons‚ the functional units of the kidney. Nephrons are the most basic structure of the kidneys‚ it is a long‚ fine tubule around 30-55mm long and each
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chapter 10 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Antidiuretic hormone is released by: A.anterior lobe of the pituitary B.posterior lobe of the pituitary C.hypothalamus D.adrenal glands 2. Excretion primarily rids the body of: A.excess fuels B.undigested food C.minerals D.substances that were involved in metabolism E.All of the choices are correct. 3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: A.is prostate cancer B.involves enlargement
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A Nursing Case Study on Chronic Renal Failure In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in NCM-102 CRITERIA Introduction and Implications - 5% Objective - 5% Developmental Data - 5% Physical Assessment - 10% History - 5% Anatomy and Physiology - 5% Pathophysiology - 10% Interpretations - 5% Drug Studies - 5% Nursing Management - 20% Health Teachings - 5% Format - 5% Punctuality - 10% Reference - 5% _________________ TOTAL:
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* A reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. The area of the enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the active site - where the action takes place. * Cofactors and coenzymes are small molecules or ions that help enzymes to act. HSC Biology Notes – Hugh Phillips Maintaining a Balance 1.Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range: Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism‚ describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their
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reabsorption and water retention. The increased Na in the blood will be filtered into the nephron. The increase makes the sodium transporters not able to reabsorb all of the sodium. Therefore‚ excess sodium and water will remain in the lumen (3). The excess sodium will be excreted into the urine and eliminated from the body. A substance can remain in the blood depending on the amount filtered into the nephron and the amount reabsorbed or secreted by
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Case Study: Urinary‚ Fluid & Electrolyte balance The cardiovascular system and the urinary system are intimately entwined. When the cardiovascular system experiences stress‚ the urinary system can be directly impacted. For example in hemorrhagic shock‚ when the body is rapidly depleted of circulating blood volume‚ the kidneys are often one of the first vital organs affected due to lack of perfusion. The kidneys are dependent on the sufficient cardiac output that the heart delivers. So when the
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