NAME___________________________ DATE_________________ Chapter 8 Study Guide 1. Name and describe the three different layers of connective tissue in a muscle. Epimysium (sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle as a whole)‚ endomysium (delicate connective tissue membrane covering the highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers) ‚( perimysium (tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles) 2. Myofibrils are composed primarily of two protein filaments called _____________actin__________ and
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Musculoskeletal Physiology Be familiar with bones and muscles of body 3 types of muscle skeletal‚ smooth‚ cardiac attaches muscle to bone‚ decreasing angle of joints during contraction proximal part of esophagus doesn’t connect to bone‚ proximal (upper) conscious control is primary skeletal‚ distal is involuntary and smooth muscle T- tubules: inside is ECS‚ deep invaginations of plasma membrane in muscle cell PM is sarcolemma allows high concentration of Ca‚ like other EC spaces (IC is
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The muscle physiology of skeletal muscle was observed by using electrical‚ physical‚ and neural stimulations of an isolated gastrocnemius muscle from Rana pipiens. The gastrocnemius receives signals from the action potentials of the sciatic nerve. The muscle contraction is caused by the binding of a neurotransmitter once the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction. Stimulation of the muscle and the sciatic nerve allows for recording and measuring of these properties. We observed twitch
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Skeletal System Skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living organisms. Skin‚ muscle and bones allow movement. Skin - pliable covering. Muscles do actual moving. Bones give anchor to move against. The skeleton functions not only as the support for the body but also in haematopoiesis‚ the manufacture of blood cells that takes place in bone marrow. This is why people who have cancer of the bone marrow almost always die. It is also necessary for protection of vital organs
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smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere (1). A sarcomere is composed of many strands of two protein filaments‚ the thick and the thin filaments (1). The thick filament is made of the protein myosin‚ a motor protein‚ and the thin filament is composed of actin polymers (1). Myosin and actin work together sliding alongside each other to create contractile force of skeletal muscle (1). Actin is encoded by a highly conserved gene family. The gene sequences from algae and humans are identical
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calcium into the sarcoplasm‚ where it becomes available to the myofilaments. Then some of this calcium that has been released binds to troponin‚ which changes shape and removes the blocking action of tropomyosin. Once enough calcium is received the myosin heads attach and pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere. At this point the muscle cell is considered to be in the active state. The short-lived calcium signal ends‚ usually within 30 milliseconds after the
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Chapter 10- Muscle Tissue Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1) How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis? A) by generating heat that helps maintain body temperature B) by moving materials through the body C) by pulling on bones to move the body D) A and B are correct. E) A‚ B and C are correct. 2) The primary function of muscle is A) conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy. B) conversion of chemical energy into radiant energy. C) conversion
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move. These two proteins are known as actin and myosin. To control these skeletal muscles‚ the brain uses motor neurons (nerves that carry signals to the muscles‚ skin and glands).
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properties are influenced by their reliance on aerobic and anaerobic energy sources. Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of individual muscle fibres called myocytes. Each myocyte contains many myofibrils‚ which are strands of proteins (actin and myosin) that can grab on to each other and pull. This shortens the muscle and causes muscle contraction. It is generally accepted that muscle fibre types can be broken down into two main types:slow twitch (Type I)muscle fibre and fast twitch (Type II)muscle
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A muscle is a group of cells called fibers‚ and are generally quite big. One muscle fiber has a large amount of myofibrils‚ which are muscle proteins in the shape of cylinders. These myofibrils contain two different types of filaments‚ which run along the axis of the fiber in hexagonal patterns. The two types of filaments are thick and thin filaments. Every thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments. Both thick and thin filaments are attached to a structure called the Z-line. The Z-line runs
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