Excerpt from FS Series #1: enabling sub-sovereign bond issuances B3. Case 3: Alternative Financing for Water Utilities — Lessons from a Failed Bond Issue in Indonesia B3a. Background and Environment PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT IN INDONESIA. ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL‚ TO HALVE THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND BASIC SANITATION BY 2015‚ WOULD REQUIRE A TENFOLD ANNUAL INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS
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Disadvantages of Municipal Bonds The greatest advantage of municipal bonds can be summed up in two words: tax free. The interest rates on municipal bonds may seem low compared to similar long-term securities like Treasury bills and CDs‚ but tax advantages may level the playing field. Let ’s look at some examples. If you ’re in the 25 percent bracket for 2008 federal income taxes‚ you ’d have to find a taxable security with an interest rate of 4 percent to equal the yield of a tax-free municipal bond with an
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Bonds and Their Valuation After reading this chapter‚ students should be able to: • List the four main classifications of bonds and differentiate among them. • Identify the key characteristics common to all bonds. • Calculate the value of a bond with annual or semiannual interest payments. • Explain why the market value of an outstanding fixed-rate bond will fall when interest rates rise on new bonds of equal risk‚ or vice versa. • Calculate the current yield
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CONTENTS Introduction of bonds……………………………………………..01 Characteristics of Bonds…………………………………………01 Types of Bonds…………………………………………………… 06 Bonds Market……………………………………………………… 08 Introduction of Pakistan bond market……………...................08 How Bonds Trade……………………………………………….….09 Bond Price Variations……………………………………………..09 Bond valuation…………………………………………..................09 Types of bonds trade in Pakistan……………………………….10 Government Debt Securities……………………………………..10 Characteristics of MTBs and PIBs………………………………12
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What are Yield to Maturity (YTM) and Yield to Call (YTC)? By calculating the present and future value of bonds‚ managers can make sound decisions about their potential strengths and weaknesses as investments. Answer the following questions in this week’s Discussion 2 thread: 1. What terms (or inputs) are needed to calculate yield to maturity (YTM)? How does this compare to calculating yield to call (YTC)? To calculate the YTM you will need to use Annual Interest‚ Par value‚ Market Price
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perpetual bond is currently selling for RS. 95/-. The coupon rate of interest is 13.5%. The approximate discount rate is 15%. The value of the bond and the YTM is: (a) Rs. 90/- and 14.2% Value is (13.5*15%=90) and YTM is ((13.5/95)*100=14.21%) (b) Rs. 100/- and 13.5% (c) Rs. 90 and 15% (d) Rs. 90/- and 13.5% 902. In 2001‚ Meridian Ltd. has issued bonds of Rs. 10‚000/-each due in 2011 with a 14% per annum coupon rate payable at the end of each year during the life of the bond. If the required
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Using present value to value bonds A bond‚ from the perspective of the person issuing the bond is a form of long term debt. In the hands of the person who has acquired the bond it is an asset. The agency issuing the bond agrees to pay a fixed sum of money to the holder of the bond for a period of years and then‚ at the end of that period‚ to pay back the face value of the bond. Bonds can be issued by a variety of agencies/companies: 1. Municipal bonds: issued by cities‚ states and
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INTRODUCTION - The Swan Davis Corporation case focuses on following issues: The importance in bond and stock valuation; The capital structure of the company; and How they effects to the capital budgeting decisions of the company. - Swan- Davis Inc.‚ (SDI) manufactures equipment for sale to large contractors‚ the company was found in 1976 and it went to the public in 1980 at its shares value risen from $1 to $15 since it enter to the market. - The financial statements for the past three
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90‚000 Share of dividends (.25 × $160‚000) (40‚000) Balance in investment account $550‚000 2)During 2008‚ PK Co. purchased 2‚000‚ $1‚000‚ 9% bonds. The carrying value of the bonds at December 31‚ 2010 was $1‚960‚000. The bonds mature on March 1‚ 2015‚ and pay interest on March 1 and September 1. PK sells 1‚000 bonds on September 1‚ 2012‚ for $988‚000‚ after the interest has been received. PK uses straight-line amortization. The gain on the sale is Discount amortization: $40
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BOND PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 1. Six years ago‚ The Corzine Company sold a 20-year bond issue with a 14 percent annual coupon rate and a 9 percent call premium. Today‚ Corzine called the bonds. The bonds originally were sold at their face value of $1‚000. Compute the realized rate of return for investors who purchased the bonds when they were issued and who surrender them today in exchange for the call price. PV = 1000; N = 6; PMT = 140; FV = 1090; CPT I/Y I/Y = 15.02% 2. You just purchased
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