What kind of molecules can and cannot pass easily across a lipid bilayer? Structure of a lipid bilayer A lipid bilayer is a membrane mainly composed of lipid molecules‚ usually a phospholipids (See Figure 1). Phospholipids are formed from 3 components :- (1) 2 fatty acids tails – these are hydrophobic; (2) a negatively-charged hydrophilic phosphate group; and (3) a glycerol backbone. The bilayer structure is favourable energetically because the hydrophobic fatty acid tails cluster
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Cellular Respiration  Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules‚ like glucose‚ to carbon dioxide and water. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O → 12H2O + 6 CO2 The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell. The process occurs in two phases: glycolysis‚ the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water In eukaryotes‚ glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. (Link to
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Chapters 6‚7 &31 Question 1 1 out of 1 points Some enzymes contain molecules in the active site that help facilitate chemical transformations. These molecules are called: Selected Answer: coenzymes. Correct Answer: coenzymes. Question 2 1 out of 1 points People with high cholesterol levels often take drugs in an attempt to lower their cholesterol levels. One such drug is Lipitor. How does this drug work? Selected Answer: It acts as a competitive
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Genomic-Based High Throughput Screening Identifies Small Molecules That Differentially Inhibit the Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of IFN-α Bo Chen‚1* Qin Zong‚2* Ricardo Cibotti‚1* Chad Morris‚1 Juana Castaneda‚2 Brian Naiman‚1 Derong Liu‚2 Anna Glodek‚2 Gary P Sims‚1 Ronald Herbst‚1 Stephen K Horrigan‚2 Peter A Kiener‚1 Dan Soppet‚2 Anthony J Coyle‚1 and Laurent Audoly1 1 Respiratory‚ Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department‚ MedImmune Inc.‚ Gaithersburg‚ Maryland‚ United States
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Ab initio second and fourthorder Møller–Plesset study on structure‚ stabilization energy‚ and stretching vibration of benzeneX (X=He‚Ne‚Ar‚Kr‚Xe) van der Waals molecules P. Hobza‚ Ota Bludský‚ H. L. Selzle‚ and E. W. Schlag Citation: J. Chem. Phys. 97‚ 335 (1992); doi: 10.1063/1.463578 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463578 View Table of Contents: http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/JCPSA6/v97/i1 Published by the AIP Publishing LLC. Additional information on J. Chem. Phys. Journal Homepage:
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How many carbons are in a molecule of glucose? 6 4. The energy related during these oxydation reactions is used to form adenosine triphosphate ( ATP )‚ the Energy currency of the cell. 5. Name the two initials steps in glycolysis. The initial steps are the additions of two phospates to the glucose molecule at the expense of two molecules of ATP. 6. What are the three molecules that results? The three molecules that result are a 6 carbon
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* Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces CO2‚ water and lots of ATP. * Aerobic has 4 stages: 1) Glycolysis – the splitting of the 6-carbon glucose molecule into 2 3-carbon molecule pyruvate molecules. 2) Link reaction – the conversion of the 3-carbon pyruvate molecule into CO2 and a 2-carbon molecule called acetylcoenzyme A. 3) Krebs cycle – the introduction of acetylcoenzyme A into a cycle of oxidation-reduction reactions that yield some ATP and a large number of
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Intermolecular forces that affect the molecules shape and composition will directly affect the viscosity of the molecule. An example of this can be observed between ethyl alcohol and ethyl glycol. Ethyl glycol has two more O-H groups than ethyl alcohol. The extra O-H groups effect the amount of hydrogen bonds in the ethyl glycol molecule. The ethyl glycol has more hydrogen bonds than ethyl alcohol. This gives the ethyl glycol molecule a higher viscosity than the ethyl alcohol molecule. Both kinetic energy and
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mitochondrial matrix and its main function is to turn the pyruvate into acetate for the kerb cycle. During the link reaction the pyruvate molecule undergoes decarboxylation and dehydrogenation‚ the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase remove the carboxyl group (which becomes a carbon dioxide molecule) and removes the hydrogen atoms from the pyruvate molecule. The coenzyme NAD accepts the two hydrogen atoms and becomes reduced NADH2 and the coenzyme-A accepts the acetyl (from pyruvate)
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1. Water molecules have a polarity that allows them to bond to each other with loose bonds called _____. A) hydrogen bonds B) ionic bonds C) acid bonds D) nonpolar bonds E) none of the above 2. Most of water’s unique properties result from the fact that water molecules _____. A) are very small B) tend to repel each other C) are extremely large D) tend to stick together E) are in constant motion 3. Each water molecule is joined to _____
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