Tank 7 C. Control of Surge Tank 8 i. Implementation of Controllers 8 Product Flow Fluctuation 10 Product Density Fluctuation 10 Height Fluctuation 11 ii. Effect of Tightening Limits and Reducing Tank Size 11 References 13 Appendix 13 Derivation of Transfer Functions 13 Sample Calculation 15 List of Figures Figure 1: Relative density of surge tank feed against time 1 Figure 2: Volumetric flow rate of surge tank feed against time 1 Figure 3: Xcos surge tank simulation 3 Figure
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dizolvat în apă. 1. INTRODUCTION Oxygenation‚ named in also aeration in specialty literature [1] [2]‚ constitutes the main operation that assures a proper quality of water in water treatment and purification processes. Water oxygenation is a process of mass transfer (O2 → H2O) largely applied in the following areas: – water treatment processes; – biological purification of wastewater; – separation and catchment of greases from wastewater. In
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Cohesion Phenomenon of intermolecular forces holding particles of a substance together. Cohesion differs from adhesion in being the force of attraction between adjacent particles within the same body; adhesion is the interaction between the surfaces of different bodies. The force of cohesion in gases can be observed in the liquefaction (condensation) of a gas‚ which is the result of a number of molecules being pressed together to produce forces of attraction high enough to give a liquid structure
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caused by impact of a jet into a flat plate or curved vane‚ the change in momentum principle is applied; Force = Rate of change in momentum F = ρ Q ΔV F = ρ Q (Vin – Vout) Where; F: the force exerted by the jet on the plate. ρ: the mass density of water (= 1000 kg/m3). Q: volumetric rate of flow (m3/s). ΔV: the change in velocity just after and before impact. The volumetric flow rate in the equation ’Q’ is calculated in the experiment by taking an amount of volume in a known period of time and
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mechanical engineering where I am in the list of top students of the branch with 9.02 GPA out of 10. In my undergraduate years I learned a lot of interesting subjects and acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of thermodynamics‚ heat and mass transfer‚ fluid mechanics‚ strength of materials‚ design of machine elements‚ theory of machines etc. I have also had an introduction to specified areas like AUTOCAD and
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Introduction The water system in any pharmaceutical organization is of vital importance. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals and related industries. Water used in process and in cleaning must be pure and free from microbial and chemical impurities. Laboratories need pure water free of foreign substances‚ which could potentially affect the outcome of analyses‚ and the pharmaceutical industry needs pure water for a variety of purposes – everything from cleaning to the use of pure water as an ingredient
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400 h3 = 260 h4 = 260 * For mass in the system Qs = m (h1 – h4) 65 kW = m (348 – 260) m=0.739 kg/s EVAPORATOR * Qe = 65 kw * Temperature at the evaporator is -31.56 0C * Specific volume is 0.528 m3/kg (from ph diagram) * Consider steel material for coil: Uo=90-120 Btuhrft2 0F ; use 105Btuhrft2 0F * Allowable velocity at the liquid line is 125 – 450 ft/min; use 287.5 ft/min * For the volumetric flow rate in the coil: V’ = mv V’= (0.739
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purpose is to decrease or increase the flow and the pressure of the fluid in a desired direction. Impellers can be classified on the basis of flow regime: Radial flow impellers and axial flow impellers. Impellers can also be classified further into three types: paddles‚ turbines and propellers. Radial flow impellers typically find their usage where there is need to mix two or more immiscible fluids or there is need of mixing highly viscous fluids. Axial flow impellers on the other hand are used
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objective of understanding how various factors may have an influence on blood flow rate. These factors include the effect of blood vessel radius‚ the effect of blood viscosity‚ as well as the effect of blood vessel length‚ and the effect of blood pressure. This better understanding of cardiovascular dynamics was achieved with PhysioEx 9.1. Hypothesis: Hypothesis- Activity 1: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Radius on Blood Flow
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hemi) It is assumed that the velocity going out of the control volume is equal to the velocity coming in. Additionally‚ the elevation difference within the control is assumed to be negligible. The vertical force caused by the jet is balanced by the mass placed on the weight pan. (2) The initial velocity of the jet‚ v0‚ is : (3) From Bernoulli’s equation‚ the
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