CHAPTER 8 FLEXIBLE BUDGETS‚ OVERHEAD COST VARIANCES‚ AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL 8-1 Effective planning of variable overhead costs involves: 1. Planning to undertake only those variable overhead activities that add value for customers using the product or service‚ and 2. Planning to use the drivers of costs in those activities in the most efficient way. 8-2 At the start of an accounting period‚ a larger percentage of fixed overhead costs are locked-in than is the case with variable overhead
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customer loyalty‚ and perhaps most importantly‚ human capital. These intangible assets are likely to provide tremendous earnings growth in the future which determines the company’s market value. Notice also that the company’s choice of conservative accounting policies has the effect of depressing the company’s book value of equity. 2. What effect did Microsoft’s software capitalization policy have on its financial statements? Ignore any potential tax effects. a. Assume that 60% of Microsoft’s
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Capital Structure Analysis Formula Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Equity. Formula Interest Coverage Ratio = Non-current Liabilities / Cash Flow from operations Formula Debt Coverage Ratio = Earnings Before Interest and Tax / Net Finance Expense Analysis The debt-to-equity ratios indicate how risky the firms are. It measures the extent that the assets of a firm are financed by its debts and equity. Lower values of debt-to-equity ratio are favorable indicating the firm
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Summary of: The Evolution of Management Accounting by Robert S. Kaplan Almost all cost accounting practices currently in use had been developed by 1925. Over the last sixty years there has been considerable changes in the nature of the business environment. Despite this fact‚ there has been little change in designing and putting into action most cost accounting and management control procedures. For this reason it is pertinent for those in the business field to fully understand the source of
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Chapter 10 Plant Assets‚ Natural Resources‚ and Intangibles QUESTIONS 1. A plant asset is tangible; it is used in the production or sale of other assets or services; and it has a useful life longer than one accounting period. 2. The cost of a plant asset includes all normal and reasonable expenditures necessary to get the asset in place and ready for its intended use. 3. Land is an asset with an unlimited life and‚ therefore‚ is not subject to depreciation. Land improvements have
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MEMORANDUM To: From: Date: [ 12/3/2012 ] Subject: Progress Report on Inventory Management Solutions The purpose of this memorandum is to report the progress in my research of possible inventory management systems to implement into a manufacturing facility. As I proposed‚ I have been gathering information by reviewing technical literature on inventory management solutions and software used in similar manufacturing facilities. My objectives were to define which supply and planning software
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Management Accounting Research 21 (2010) 83–94 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Management Accounting Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mar Knowledge creation for practice in public sector management accounting by consultants and academics: Preliminary findings and directions for future research G. Jan van Helden a‚∗ ‚ Harrie Aardema b ‚ Henk J. ter Bogt c ‚ Tom L.C.M. Groot d a b c d University of Groningen‚ the Netherlands‚ PO Box 800‚ 9700 AV Groningen‚
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Environmental management accounting is a new technique to identify environmental cost flows of a company. Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) also can defined as the identification‚ collection‚ estimation‚ analysis‚ internal reporting and use of material and energy flow information‚ environmental cost information and other cost information for both conventional and environmental decision-making within an organization (Tellus Institutes). EMA simply defines as management accounting with a focus
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BRIEF EXERCISES Brief Exercise 4–1 PACIFIC SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31‚ 2013 ($ in millions) Revenues and gains: Sales .................................................................. Gain on sale of investments ............................. Total revenues and gains .............................. $2‚106 45 2‚151 Expenses and losses: Cost of goods sold ............................................ Selling..............................................
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1.0 Introduction According to The Environment Agency in the United Kingdom (2006)‚ Environmental Accounting can be defined as: “The collection‚ analysis and assessment of environmental and financial performance data obtained from business management information systems‚ environmental management and financial accounting systems. The taking of corrective management action to reduce environmental impacts and costs plus‚ where appropriate‚ the external reporting of the environmental and financial
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