forms of social pattern‚ resulting from social patterns resulting from industrialization (Macionis‚ 2006). Peter Berger explains how modernization manifests itself‚ by four major concepts. The four concepts consist of: the decline of small traditional communities‚ the expansion of personal choice‚ the increase of social diversity and the orientation toward the future and a growing awareness of time (Macionis‚ 2006). In the U.S.‚ small traditional communities are growing into more modern and larger
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between genders in the workplace. By using the “theoretical perspectives‚” it will prove that men are having more benefit in female-dominated jobs due to the “Glass Escalator‚” and women are being treated unequally because of the “Glass Ceiling”(Ridnor‚Macionis). Pink collar jobs were traditionally dominated by women since World War II. The jobs do not require much professional skill and usually did not have equal pay. Beside that‚ men are not used to work in the pink collar workforce because with men
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childhood is grounded in significant biological differences that set the young from the old’ (Macionis & Gerber‚ 2002). The next stage of the life course is adolescence. This is the time where kids are in between childhood and adulthood. The preteen and teenage years comprise the stage of life when young people establish some independence and learn specialized skills required for adulthood (Macionis & Gerber‚ 2002). Adolescence is related with social and emotional confusion; young people have
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decision-making‚ and demands that group members obey orders (Macionis‚ 2013. P110). Bill Gates is a great example of authoritarian leadership. Bill had a vision after he took lead of the company and he used all possible resources within his reach and made a dream reality. Bill Gates did not consult others on which way his company should take. Democratic Leadership is making a point and including everyone in the decision-making process (Macionis‚ 2013. P110). Dwight Eisenhower is one of the best people
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Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASPs) (Macionis‚ 2006). A minority is any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates (Macionis‚ 2006). It can be based on race‚ ethnicity‚ or both (Macionis‚ 2006). There are two important characteristics of a minority: The first thing is that they share a distinct identity‚ which may be based on physical or cultural traits and the second is that Minorities experience subordination (Macionis‚ 2006). Minorities in
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John Macionis‚ deviance is the recognized violation of cultural norms. It is such a broad concept that it is in all human activities; therefore‚ we can say that crime is a form of deviance. Of course‚ crime is also a broad subject its own. Not all deviance involves action or even choice. Its aim is to understand empirically and to develop and test theories explaining criminal and deviant behavior‚ the formation and enforcement of laws‚ and the operation of criminal processing systems (Macionis‚ 2010)
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property rights‚ and access to education‚ medical care‚ and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class status of a particular group‚ which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber‚ 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other. One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status
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Inequality in Sociological Research Sociology is not exempt from the many gender biases our world still faces. Androcentricity is evaluating a topic from a male focused point of view; unfortunately our society is still guilty of this in many ways (Macionis‚ 2013‚ p.20). It is just one of the ways that sociological research can be affected by gender and the inequality that still surrounds us. Females tend to be generalized as the more beautiful‚ social and emotional of the genders this can feed in
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complex and diverse web of individuals marked by social stratification‚ a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy (Macionis‚ 2011‚ p.204). The film People Like Us: Social Class in America discusses the class system‚ social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement‚ which the American people use to define others (Macionis‚ 2011‚ p.206). It explores the many variables that contribute to the determination of a person’s class; such as‚ ancestry‚ education‚ and
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positivist sociology which is “the study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior” (Macionis 31). The second is interpretive sociology which is “the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world” (Macionis 36). The third way to do sociology is critical sociology this is “the study of society the focuses on the need for social change” (Macionis 36). They all focus on the main idea of studying society but differ in the way they go about studying
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