wording is why a literary text loses so much in paraphrase or translation. However‚ despite this importance of precise wording‚ the meanings of literary works are often disturbingly imprecise. Apparently‚ the linguistics choices in literature are not the concern of applied linguistics. It does not have the same kind of direct social and economic consequences as language education policy‚ or the spread of English as lingua franca. Yet‚ it is wrong to decrease the value of the impact and importance
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PROJECT WORK TITLED THE INDIAN LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHIES A REPORT SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE : BASIC INDIAN LOGIC DEPARTMENT OF SANSKRIT PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY YEAR 2011-2012 GUIDE: Dr. ANIL PRATAP GIRI STUDENTS NAME : ALICE ALEX ROLL NO. : 1103644 DEPARTMENT : EARTH SCIENCE CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BHARTRIHARI AND MANDANAMISHRA 3. CONCLUSION 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Pre-linguistic Development As linguistic development designates the stage when children are able to manipulate verbal symbols‚ it should be apparent that pre-linguistic development refers to the stage before the child is able to manipulate such symbols. Consequently‚ this stage is sometimes called the pre-symbolic stage. Pre-linguistic development‚ therefore‚ concerns itself with precursors to the development of symbolic skills and typically covers the period from birth to around 13 months of age
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Bilingualism & Intelligence Nowadays‚ bilingualism is prevalent in many parts of the world. It is a multi-faceted concept‚ shaped by factors such as migration‚ medium of instruction‚ interracial marriage‚ and politics‚ among others. From Southeast Asia to Africa to Latin America – people have been using more than one language in numerous situations‚ as well as for various purposes and functions. “It is very reasonable to guess that over half the world’s population is bilingual‚” states Cindy Kandolf
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Principal Concepts. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics‚ the science of language. The term Lexi c o l o g y is composed of two Greek morphemes: lexis meaning ‘word‚ phrase’ and logos which denotes ‘learning‚ a department of knowledge’. Thus‚ the literal meaning of the term L e x i с o l о g у is ‘the science of the word’. The literal meaning‚ however‚ gives only a general notion of the aims and the subject-matter of this branch of linguistic science‚
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Outline 1. Cognitive Linguistics: some basic facts 2. Branches of Cognitive Linguistics 1. Cognitive Linguistics: some basic facts What is cognitive linguistics? Cognitive linguistics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the conceptual structures and cognitive processes that underlie linguistic representation and grammar in language. [3] Cognitive linguistics is the study of language in its cognitive function‚ where “cognitive” refers to the crucial role of intermediate
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The Cognitive Linguistics Enterprise: An Overview* Vyvyan Evans‚ Benjamin K. Bergen and Jörg Zinken [In press for 2006. To be published in ‘The Cognitive Linguistics Reader’‚ by Equinox Publishing Company] 1. Introduction Cognitive linguistics is a modern school of linguistic thought and practice. It is concerned with investigating the relationship between human language‚ the mind and socio-physical experience. It originally emerged in the 1970s (Fillmore 1975‚ Lakoff & Thompson 1975‚ Rosch 1975)
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REFERENCE Bloch‚ Bernard; & Trager‚ George L. (1942)‚ Outline of linguistic analysis. Special publications of the Linguistic Society of America. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America. Corder‚ S. P. (1981)‚ Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chomsky‚ Noam and Morris Halle. (1968)‚ The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row. Crystal‚ David. (1985)‚ A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 2nd edition. New York: Basil Blackwell. Crystal D. (2005)
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defined as a branch of linguistics; it is an area of study parallel to‚ and interacting with syntax and phonology. While syntax and phonology study the structure of expressive possibilities in language‚ semantics studies the meaning that can be expressed. Nearly all linguists have accepted a linguistic model in which semantics is at one end and phonetics at the other‚ with grammar somewhere in the middle. However‚ until recently‚ semantics has been the ‘Cinderella’ of linguistics‚ a branch that had been
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An outline of the history of linguistics • Hindu Tradition o Had its origins in the 1st millennium BC o Stimulated by changes in Sanskrit o Panini (c. 500 BC) is the best known grammarian o Panini’s grammar of Sanskrit covered phonetics and morphology • The Greek Origin o The Greek tradition of linguistics developed in response to Homer’s epics. The Greeks founded the European tradition. o IMPORTANT THEMES IN THE GREEK TRADITION INCLUDE: The origin of language Classification of
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