The Three-circle Model of World Englishes was developed by Kachru in 1985 and it remains one of the most influential models for grouping the varieties of English in the world (Mollin‚ 2006‚ p.41). Kachru (1985) described the spread of English in terms of three concentric circles: the Inner Circle‚ the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle. These circles represent "the type of spread‚ the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which English is used across cultures and languages" (Kachru
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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction “Children need to have access to and control over the language of power both in school and in society in order to overcome the current inequity in the world.” * Prof. Roderick Motril Aguirre‚ Professor De La Salle University Teaching as a profession assumes different meanings and definitions and it is always depending on the practitioners’ ultimate goal. Accepting it as an art does not lessen the concern for the methods and techniques employed in
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Hitchings the author of The Language Wars: A History of Proper English‚ “In the twenty-first century the world is becoming more urban and more middle class‚ and the adoption of English is a symptom of this‚ for increasingly English serves as the lingua franca of business and popular culture.” Hitchings also points out that English is the dominant language in other areas of society such as shipping‚ diplomacy‚ computing‚ medicine and education. Others may argue the extent of how dominant it is‚ but
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Vernacular schools in Malaysia can be traced as far back as 55 years. They form an integral part of the historical and cultural identity of this country (Centre for Public Policy Studies‚ 2012). Vernacular schools have a role to play to ensure “cultural heritage is preserved through the generations…the Chinese and Tamil languages in these schools don’t just function as a medium of instruction…and also provide a link to the community’s cultural heritage” (Centre for Public Policy Studies‚ 2012). The
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including English‚ French and Chinese Mandarin. Since there are many countries globally prefer using English‚ therefore the power of English is globalised worldwide. Malaysia‚ a multicultural ethnical country‚ we have the Bahasa Melayu which is our lingua franca‚ English‚ Mandarin and even Tamil. The government has realise the importance of English worldwide in the education line when they did op to the changes of the teaching and learning process of Mathematics and Science which was changed from Bahasa
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people from other countries in languages that usually are not our native tongue‚ multi linguists now outnumber mono linguists and around 25% of the world ’s countries recognise two or languages as official (see Pearson). English has become the Lingua Franca of the world and native languages are starting to disappear. The fewer the number of speakers the quicker. One language that seems to have reversed the trend is the Garífuna language‚ indigenous to the Carribean coasts of Honduras‚ Guatemala and
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The role of English in our lives has got much importance. English may be a foreign language‚ but it is international in its significance.It is taken as a lingua France‚ the common language ‚ for all parts of the world today.The importance of English language in our lives is as firstly ‚ it is spoken ‚ read or understood in most parts of the world. Due to this language‚ we can belong to whole world as well as to our own country. Secondly‚ the role of English in our lives is that it is truly the
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Globalization and Language Globalization is the process of something becoming global‚ being transformed from a local or regional phenomena into a global one. With globalization‚ there is a movement of people coming together‚ unifying into a single society and functioning together. This process is not only an economic one‚ but also affects the technologies‚ politics‚ and cultures of the entire world. It is facilitated by the media of communications. Through radio and satellite information‚ we
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE: ENG 454 COURSE TITLE: MULTI LINGUALISM COURSE GUIDE ENG 454 MULTI LINGUALISM Course Team Dr. Taiwo Abioye (Course Developer/Writer) – Covenant University Prof. Kunle Adeniran (Course Editor) – University of Ibadan Dr. I. Omolara Daniel (Programme Leader) – NOUN Mr. Theodore O. Iyere (Course Coordinator) – NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ENG 454 National Open University
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Introduction Because English is so widely spoken‚ it has often been referred to as a "world language"‚ the lingua franca of the modern era‚ and while it is not an official language in most countries‚ it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes‚ the Angles‚ the Saxons and the Jutes‚ crossed the North Sea from what today
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