Before there were any true scientific dating methods‚ scientists depended on their past archives of fossils and strata in order to determine how old a newly found fossil was. However‚ it wasn’t until the mid 20th century that scientists could abandon this pathetic‚ inaccurate process and move into a more acceptable precise and detailed procedure. The old way was done by comparing one fossil to other fossils found in the same layer of the earth’s ground and studying the physical characteristics of
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What are mineral resources? Mineral resources are the natural resources which cannot be renewed. Examples of mineral resources Gold Salt Tin Limestone Iron ore Coal Iron Manganese Rubber Aluminium Marbles They are also used to produce useful things. Some of these useful things are: Soap Jewelleries e.g. chain bracelet e.t.c. Batteries And so on NAMES OF MINERAL RESOURCES‚ WHERE IT IS FOUND AND ITS USES. Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary
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reactive toward a nucleophillic attack by the alcohol. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the actual 3-D image of a molecule. This spectroscopy uses atoms that have nuclear magnetic moments such as isotope-1 Hydrogen and isotope-13 Carbon atoms. The nuclei of NMR-active atoms have one of two nuclear spin states‚ either (+1/2 or -1/2). These atoms when placed in a magnetic field are either spinning with the +1/2 magnetic field or against it (-1/2 spin). A slight
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Cycle Neutrons Hypertonic Phenotype Transformation Protons Hypotonic Genotype Transduction Electrons Osmosis Codominance Conjugation Atomic Number Turgid Wild type Plasmid Mass Number Flaccid Mutant Evolution Isotope Endocytosis Sex-linked Taxonomy Covalent Bond Exocytosis Nondisjunction Gradualism Ionic Bond Phagocytosis Trisomy Homologous Hydrogen Bond ATP synthase Monosomy Species Polar Chemiosmosis Ligase Speciation Hydrophilic
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Climate Effects on Human Evolution This article explores the hypothesis that key human adaptations evolved in response to environmental instability. This idea was developed during research conducted by the Smithsonian’s Human Origins Program. Natural selection was not always a matter of ‘survival of the fittest’ but also survival of those most adaptable to changing surroundings. (Illustrations for this article coming soon.) Background Paleoanthropologists – scientists who
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Identifying sites of protein synthesis in Chlamydomonas using erythromycin and cyclohexamide as protein synthesis inhibitors. October 16‚ 2009 Introduction: In living cells‚ prokaryotic or eukaryotic‚ the synthesis (construction) of proteins is accomplished by similar machinery. Amino acids‚ ribosomes‚ messenger RNA (mRNA)‚ and transfer RNA (tRNA)‚ are all necessary for the building of functional proteins in a cell. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in a cell‚ and there are two
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Bibliography: /b><br><li>Baud‚ A.‚ Magaritz‚ M. and Holser‚ W.T.‚ 1989. Permian-Triassic of the Tethys: Carbon isotope studies. Geol. Rundsch.‚ 78(2): 649-677.<br><li>Bramlette‚ M. N. 1965. Massive ectinctions in biota at the end of the Mesozoic time. Science 148: 1696-1699.<br><li>Clark‚ D.L.‚ Wang‚ C.-Y.‚ Orth‚ C.J. and Gilmore‚ J.S.‚ 1986‚ Conodont survival and
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Environment: a sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life Environmental Science: the field that looks at interactions among humans and nature System: a set of interacting components that influence one another by exchanging energy or materials Ecosystem: the living and non-living components of a particular place on earth Biotic: the living part of the Earth (animals‚ plants) Abiotic: the non-living part of the Earth (soil‚ air‚ water) Environmentalist:any person who advocates
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bus 9.2 – Production of Materials: Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Basic reactions to remember: – Acid reactions: ▪ acid + base [pic] salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) [pic]NaCl(s) + H2O(l) ▪ acid + metal [pic] salt + hydrogen gas HCl(aq) + Mg(s)[pic]MgCl2(s) + H2 (g) ▪ acid + carbonate [pic] salt + carbon dioxide gas + water HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)[pic] CaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O
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buildings to reflect back the heat from the sun. Gold is also used in electroplating the copper components of an electric device in a process known as Gold Electroplating to improve the device’s solderability. In medical practices‚ the radioactive isotope of gold - gold-198 is used in the treatment of cancer while AuNa3O6S4 (Gold sodium thiosulfate) is used to treat arthritis. In photography‚ gold in the form of HAuCl4 (Chloroauric acid) is used to preserve photographs. Table (i): Chemical properties
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