CH 3 Mechanisms of Attention: Monitoring and Noticing Information I. Attention: What Is It? A. Basic Characteristics 1-Limited capacity − Visual attention limits are described with a spotlight metaphor − Auditory attention limits are described with gateway metaphor 2- Flexibility − Easily shift attention based on situational demands 3- Voluntary control − We can control how we direct our attention B. Pre-Attentive vs. Post-Attentive Processing
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The movie Crash has a lot to do with psychology; many of the characters’ actions and behaviors can be explained in psychological terms‚ especially in terms of social psychology. For example‚ in one of the first scenes‚ Rick and Jean Cabot‚ who are white‚ are carjacked by Anthony and Peter‚ who are black. Jean attributes the carjacking to the skin color of the two men: she believes that they carjacked her because they are black. When the Cabots are home‚ it seems that there is little equity in their
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What is cognitive psychology? The study of mental processes such as perceiving‚ remembering‚ and reasoning. Analytic introspection- analyze current perception into its elementary parts. Structuralism-complex conscious experiences can be broken down to elemental structures (component parts) of sensation and feelings. Introspection-look at a stimulus and report sensations and feelings to create a description of conscious experience School of functionalism-learn how the mind produces useful behavior
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brings it to your attention; the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. Inattentional blindness – failing to see visible object when our attentions is somewhere else. For example‚ when on the phone your mind is focused on the conversation at hand. However‚ you don’t pay attention to most of the things around you; this study was done in the TV show called “The Head Games”. Change blindness – When a person is distracted at one point and then something around their environment change
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Chapter 4- Sensation and Perception * Sensation vs. Perception * Sensation- Basic processes by which sensory receptors and the nervous system: Receive and represent stimulus energies from environment‚ and entails basic psychological experiences. * Bottom-Up Processing- Sensory detection and encoding; construction of whole from parts. * This includes Lines‚ shapes‚ angels‚ colors‚ items/events that grab our attention * Perception- Interpretation and integration
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Humans are processors of information and can process things in different ways. Serial and parallel processing are two ways. Serial is the way the mind processes things sequentially‚ one thing at a time. For example‚ when reading a book‚ you cannot process all the words in one glance or even reading the sentences of this forum. Instead‚ you have read in a sequence‚ from left to right and process each word. Parallel is when the mind processes things simultaneously‚ more than one thing at a time (Schmidt
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found that the diversion of attention to another object or task results in participants failing to notice and unexpected object‚ interestingly‚ they found this to be true when this happens at the centre of interest‚ this is referred to as inattentional blindness. Together‚ these theories provide evidence that leads us to believe‚ attention is required to consciously perceive. However‚ Levins & Simons (1997) suggest that even though attention is necessary to perceive in change detection‚ it is not
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What are the difficulties encountered by psychologists in studying consciousness? To what extent have theory and research in cognitive psychology helped overcome these difficulties? Consciousness is an umbrella term utilised to refer to a variety of mental phenomena. Cognitive psychologists have focused their efforts in understanding access consciousness‚ or how information carried in conscious mental states is available to different cognitive processes. This is linked to attention and working
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The Human Mind Makes Mistakes The brain‚ a mysterious unknown place where people don’t know many answers to. The brain‚ where people make endless mistakes everyday caused by everything we do in our daily lives. The brain as many parts connecting around the whole body; the brain isn’t just one object that works in the same field. It’s like a company‚ they have their tasks and they perform them. Example of testing how our brain works is the show‚ Brain Games. The show basically points out why and
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simultaneously processed on separate conscious (deliberate‚ high road) and unconscious (automatic‚ low road) tracks. Selective attention The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus Inattentional blindness Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere Change blindness Failing to notice changes in the environment Circadian rhythm The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (temperature‚ wakefulness) the occur on a 24-hour cycle REM sleep Stage 5 Rapid
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