Teachers’ Implicit Bias Negatively Affects Student Achievement Rebecca Burke The College of New Jersey Teachers’ Implicit Bias Negatively Affects Student Achievement The racial and ethnic achievement gap is an alarming issue that needs to be addressed in the United States educational system. When students experience explicit racial discrimination their achievement on academic tasks are lower (A Class Divided‚ 2003). This poor academic achievement can lead to higher referral for psychological
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Academy of Management Review 2008‚ Vol. 33‚ No. 2‚ 404–424. “IMPLICIT” AND “EXPLICIT” CSR: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A COMPARATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DIRK MATTEN York University‚ Toronto JEREMY MOON University of Nottingham We address the question of how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs among countries and how and why it changes. Applying two schools of thought in institutional theory‚ we conceptualize‚ first‚ the differences between CSR in the
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preferentially treat their own child‚ over another‚ however implicit biases present a problem when they result in the disadvantage of members of another group‚ or outgroup members. Implicit bias would also be viewed as challenging when they are applied against outgroup members of larger societal groups‚ such as race‚ ethnicity or sexual orientation. Most importantly‚ implicit biases pose a dilemma due to their unconscious nature (Implicit Bias – A scientific Foundation). An individual‚ fully endorsing
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Running head : The explicit and implicit learning 1 Australian College of Applied Psychology School of Psychological Science Psych 2032; Learning and Memory
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someone has a negative attitude toward a particular individual or group‚ for example‚ what are the potential implications of their behavior toward that individual or group? How do implicit and explicit attitudes differ? Go to the Project Implicit website and take the Implicit Association Test (implicit.harvard.edu/implicit). Choose any test within the demonstration category. After retrieving the results of your test‚ share them with your classmates and consider their accuracy. Were you surprised by
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relevant‚ if it is an implicit or explicit cost‚ and if the cost has been properly calculated (note: company is currently operating at 65% capacity). Cost category | Relevant | Implicit/Explicit | Calculated correctly? | Fully allocated capital cost1 | N | Explicit | Y | Direct labor cost2 | Y | Explicit | Y | Materials Purchased3 | Y | Explicit | Y | Materials Inventoried4 | Y | Implicit | N: 25‚000 lbs x $9/per lb = $225‚000 | Managerial overhead5 | N | Implicit | Y | Profit margin6
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opportunity cost Implicit///a. the out of pocket expense to hire resourcesb. the full cost of hiring workersc. taxes owed to the state and the federal governmentd. opportunity costs of using the firm’s own resources A firm’s use of its own capital. This is considered an implicit cost because the capital could have been rented to another firm instead. This rental income foregone‚ or the implicit rental rate of capital‚ is the firm’s opportunity cost of using its own capital. This implicit rental rate
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a. The explicit costs of the firm are $80‚000. The implicit costs are $70‚000. Total economic cost is $150‚000. b. The firm earns economic profit of $25‚000. c. The firm’s accounting profit is $95‚000. d. If the owners could earn 20 percent annually on the money they have invested in the firm‚ the economic profit of the firm would be $ - 5‚000 (when revenue is $175‚000). a. Explicit cost (market – supplied resources) = $80‚000 Implicit cost (owner – supplied resources) = 50‚000 * 14% = $70
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that are clearly stated. Implicit norms are hard for people with difficulty with socially-based learning. Roles within groups are different tasks that different people perform and the specific accomplishments each is expected to attain (Baron‚ Branscombe & Byrne‚ 2009‚ p. 384). An example of an explicit role is a professor for a class. The students in the class play the explicit role in the course. The professor’s role is to guide and nurture their students. An implicit role that students have is
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| 1‚586‚000 | TOTAL EXPLICIT COST = GH¢1‚586‚000 Total implicit cost Personal savings of GH¢ 200000 will earn him 30% interest of that. =30% of 200000 =GH¢ 60‚000 (Implicit cost) TOTAL ECONOMIC COST =Total explicit cost +Total Implicit cost =1‚586‚000 + 60‚000 =GH¢1‚646‚000 B. ACCOUNTING PROFIT The Accountant takes into consideration explicit costs but does not take into consideration implicit costs: PROFIT=TOTAL REVENUE- TOTAL COST Total Revenue=GH¢1‚940‚000 Total
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