pile was done in every 3 months for smooth decomposition. At the simplest level‚ the process of composting simply requires making a heap of wetted organic matter (leaves‚ "green" food waste‚ dung etc.) and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or months. Modern‚ methodical composting is a multi-step‚ closely monitored process with measured inputs of water‚ air‚ and carbon- and nitrogen-rich materials. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter
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Manures The deficiency of plant nutrients and organic matter in the soil is made up by adding manures and fertilizers to the soil of crop-fields. Both manures and fertilizers are major sources of nutrients of plants‚ so they are used in crop production. Besides water CO2 and sunlight plants required no. of elements for their growth. These elements are known as nutrient. Plants get their elements from the salt of these elements present in the soil. But after repeated cultivation of plants soil become
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BIOSPHERE - region which is covered with life - the highest level of organization in the natural world 3 Components 1. Hydrosphere- water which includes water from seas‚ oceans‚ rivers‚ lakes‚ moisture in soil‚ groundwater and frozen water in polar ice caps plus moisture in the air 2. Atmosphere- gases 3. Lithosphere- land portion of the earth‚ made up of solid rocks and soils PHYSIOGNOMY OBSERVATIONS OF EARLY NATURALIST EXPLORERS 1. Plant communities from different regions of the world were
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Discuss the characteristics of a biome you have studied. Biomes are large world regions in which climate‚ soils‚ natural vegetation and animal life are all interrelated. The biome that i have studied is the desert biome. Dry Climate Desert climate is very dry‚ with a yearly rainfall of between 0 and 250mm. Although deserts are very dry regions‚ very few deserts are completely dry. Parts of the Atacama Desert in Chile are said to be the driest places on earth. They receive an average of less than
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agricultural orient the distribution and density of population have conformed to the persisting patterns of soil fertility and productivity. Soil is basically broken-down rock materials and consists of decomposed rock debris and decayed organic matter(humus) which have been produced by weathering. According to Arthur Holmes From a geological point of view soil may be defined as the surface layer of the mantle of rock-waste in which the physical and chemical processes of weathering co-operate in intimate
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India have old infertile soil * Litter (dead leaves and branches on the soils surface) * Humus: Black or dark brown organic material that remains after decomposition has occurred. * Illiviation: The deposition of leached material in the lower layers of soil * Soil Horizons: * O-horizon (accumulation of plant litter) * A-horizon (accumulation of organic matter of humus) * E-horizon (heavily leached) * B-horizon (accumulation of clay and nutrient
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Question: Explain how human activities can interrupt or modify the nutrient cycles in the coniferous forest. Refer in detail to examples you have studied. Attempt to show as annotated diagrams the altered minerals nutrient cycle. Essay: The coniferous forest occurs in cold climates to the poleward side of 60 N in Eurasia and North America as well as high attitudes in more temperate latitudes and in Southern Chile. It has an average NPP of 800g/m/yr. There is usually only one layer of vegetation
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resources because most plants grow in it. The pH‚ humus content‚ texture‚ water retention capacity and air content of the soil can have an effect on the ecosystem. - Soil pH + soil pH is the acidity or alkalinity that is present in soil. + the best pH for soil to grow in is between 6‚0 and 7‚5 pH. + some plants will only grow in specific pH levels. + the pH levels are determined by the type of rock the soil is made from. - Humus content + A dark brown mixture of organic compounds
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Characteristics: i. Special adaptations that enable to survive on dry and nutrient-poor soil. ii. Hardy plants which usually have dense root systems to bind sand particles and hold water and humus. iii. Short life cycle iv. When die‚ their remains add to the humus content of the soil. v. Modify the environment 3. Successor species b. Characteristics: vi. Plants grow bigger vii. Have small wind-dispersable seeds which are able
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Planet Earth contains three compositional layers- CORE‚ MENTLE & CRUST. Core: At the centre is the densest of the three layers‚ the core. The core is a spherical mass‚ composed largely on metallic iron‚ with lesser amount of nickel and other elements. Mantle: The thick shell of dense‚ rocky matter that surrounds the core is mantle. The mantle is less dense than the core but denser than the outer most layer‚ the crust. Crust: Above the mantle lies the thinnest and outermost layer‚ the crust
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