Anthropology-101 BONOBOS Species Origination and Geographical Distribution -The bonobo is the most recently discovered great ape in modern times. It was revealed in 1929 by German anatomist Ernest Schwarz that a skull once thought belonging to a juvenile chimpanzee was in fact a new subspecies of chimpanzee known now as the Pan paniscus‚ or bonobo. (Waal 6) During the Pleistocene epoch approximately 1.5 million years ago‚ the Congo River was formed in what is now the Democratic Republic
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Human evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens‚ meaning "wise man." Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era‚ some 40‚000 years ago‚ every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from. The science of paleoanthropology‚ which also tries to create a narrative about
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Evolutionary (Darwinian) Medicine “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” –Theodosius Dobzhansky Proximate vs. Ultimate Questions Biological causation: proximate vs. ultimate explanations Physiology‚ genetics‚ biochemistry‚ etc. generally concentrate on * proximate causation “What” & “How” questions Ultimate causation: How evolutionary processes (natural selection; adaptation) and evolutionary history shape traits “Why” questions Traits have both types
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Some terms • Geographical informations system (GIS): Included digital elevation‚ streets‚ land use and cover‚ topographic map‚ hydrology‚ aerial photographs. Software app that brings spatial data together for consolidation. • Horizontal excavation: an excavation for which the goal is to excavate a broad area in order to expose the remains of a single point in time. • Vertical excavation: an excavation for which the goal is to excavate a significant depth of deposits to expose the record of a sequence
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History of evolutionary thoughtFurther information: History of evolutionary thought The proposal that one type of animal could descend from an animal of another type goes back to some of the first pre-Socratic Greek philosophers‚ such as Anaximander and Empedocles.[11][12] Such proposals survived into Roman times. The poet and philosopher Lucretius followed Empedocles in his masterwork De Rerum Natura.[13][14] In contrast to these materialistic views‚ Aristotle understood all natural things‚ not
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