race‚ and even ecological systems. As Nigeria consists of a wealthy class which seeks wealth by any means‚ it is hard to see how a country like this can evolve much more until corruption is taken out of everyday relationships of the upper class. However‚ there is great hope at the same time‚ because Nigeria is a country that has learned to make positive changes and learned from many of these changes‚ such as the democratization of the Nigerian state. Nigeria has learned to adapt and deal with many
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of taxation in the transformation of the Japanese Economy Introduction Before the Meiji restoration under the feudal Tokugawa Shogunate‚ taxation was mainly a tool for warfare and military power. The system was highly regressive and pressed lightly on the rich and profit-earners. It was calculated to preserve a very unequal distribution on incomes and to stimulate the accumulation of private capital. This tendency somehow continued and was magnified before W.W.II when direct taxation was
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A key reform promoted by the IMF and World Bank was the restructuring of Uganda’s taxation regime. One of the intentions was to lower the dependence on trade taxes‚ which reduced incentives for production‚ and to rely instead on indirect taxes on goods and services. Indirect taxes provided an average of 79.8 percent of total revenue between 1990-1998. Taxes on income and profits have steadily increased from 9.8 percent of total revenue in 1989 to 15.2 percent in 1998. Yet‚ of total taxes‚ about 50
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Question Write an analysis of the developments of the taxation system in Zimbabwe from pre to post colonial Zimbabwe (25) The tax system currently enforced in Zimbabwe under the authority of the Income tax Act Chap 23.06 with Acts like the Capital Gains Act Chap 23.01‚ Finance Act Chap 23.04 and the Excise duties Act as complimentary. The system evolved from traditional ideologies perpetuated from
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International taxation International taxation is the study or determination of tax on a person or business subject to the tax laws of different countries or the international aspects of an individual country’s tax laws. Governments usually limit the scope of their income taxation in some manner territorially or provide for offsets to taxation relating to extraterritorial income. Many governments tax individuals and/or enterprises on income. Such systems of taxation vary widely‚ and there are no
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3.7.1 License fees 3.7.2 Poll tax 3.7.3 Other o 3.8 Descriptive labels given some taxes 3.8.1 Ad valorem o 3.8.2 Consumption tax 3.8.3 Environmental tax 3.9 Fees and effective taxes 4 History o o 4.1 Taxation levels 4.2 Forms of taxation 5 Economic effects o o 5.1 Tax incidence 5.2 Reduced economic welfare 5.2.1 Cost of compliance 5.2.2
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Introduction Double taxation arises when an individual or business acquiring income in a foreign country is required to pay taxes on that income in both the foreign country as well as the country of origin. For example‚ an American company operating in a developing country‚ in the absence of a tax treaty between the two countries may have to pay a withholding tax to the government of the developing country‚ as well as corporation tax to the United States government (Howard‚ 2001‚ p. 259). The
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Rudiment Principles in The Theory of Tax Dr. Jack Itzhak Barsheshet‚ Ph.D. Table of Contents Chapter One – Introduction 1. Preface 4 2. Jurisdiction to impose Tax 6 The Social Treaty and the Origin of Taxing 6 Historical Development 7 The Purpose of Tax 8 "Normative Tax Structure" and "Tax Expenditures" 8 Taxing and Justice 10 Distribution of Tax Burden 13 Does tax breaches Fundamental Rights? 16 Chapter Two – Postulates 3. Terms 20
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Adam Smith’s Four Main Canons of Taxation ↓ A good tax system is one which is designed on the basis of an appropriate set of principles (rules). The tax system should strike a balance between the interest of the taxpayer and that of tax authorities. Adam Smith was the first economist to develop a list of Canons of Taxation. These canons are still regarded as characteristics or features of a good tax system. Adam Smith gave following four important canons of taxation. 1. Canon of Equity The principle
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taxes 6 1.2.3. Dividend taxes 7 1.2.4. Local taxes 8 1.3. Indirect taxes 9 1.3.1. Value Added Tax 11 1.3.2. Duty 13 1.3.3. Excise 14 Chapter 2 – S.C. Sarten S.R.L. 16 Company presentation 16 2.1. Short history 16 2.2. Organizational Structure 17 2.3. Trading partners 20 2.4. Activity 21 Chapter 3 23 Case study – Monograph Accounting 23 3.1. Monograph accounting 23 3.2. Trial Balance 27 3.3. Balance Sheet 28 Chapter
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