The Fatimids‚ a dynasty founded also with the ideology of the Isma‘ilis‚ came into prominence in the history of North Africa and Egypt when a certain Ubayd Allah (909-934) or Ubaydullah claimed that he was the Mahdi descending from the Shi‘ite line of Ali and Fatima. His claim has received much scrutiny equally by Muslim‚ European and American scholars. For sure‚ his genealogy has remained quite obscure. There is also the question of whom might be the real Mahdi‚ as the second Fatimid Caliph‚ Muhammad
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Spread of Islam in North Africa The first influx of Muslims into Africa was during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad in which a group of citizens from Mecca fled to Ethiopia to escape prosecution. Islam swept across North Africa very early after the death of Muhammad‚ spreading from Egypt in the 7th century reaching all the way to the Atlantic by the 8th. The spread of Islam in North Africa is similar to the way Europeans colonized America in that it was a westward spread across the continent
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Government interference with merchants and traders impacted the ways in which societies conducted business in various aspects. In some societies‚ such as the Incas‚ the government would control trade and production in order to support the society as a whole. Alternatively‚ other government would restrict some aspects of trade to protect its society from other civilizations‚ such as how the Chinese government protected its people and government from Java. Unfortunately‚ some governments‚ such as in
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What was life like for medieval Jews living under Islamic rule? The momentous discovery of the Cairo Genizah–a storage room for fragments of sacred texts‚ meant to be destroyed by means of ritual burying‚ or “sacred trash” as some historians have describe it–in the late nineteenth century allows for a unique perspective into this question. The documents found in the Genizah are unique in that‚ unlike many medieval primary sources‚ which have been carefully preserved throughout the centuries‚ the
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Although Antarctica is pretty irrelevant in the world today‚ its break off from the ancient supercontinent Gondwanaland 30 million years ago‚ played a crucial role in stabilizing the climate for human life. In particularly‚ Its separation from South America created water gaps which allowed winds to sweep around the world.In addition‚ the separation created a cooler climate more stabilized for human life (Linden‚ 35). It was not until 5‚000 years ago when urban societies developed laying the foundations
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of Jewish religious law (halakha) * Known as the Raman * Born in Cordoba ‚ Spain but moved later moved to fez in Morocco as Muslims toke over the city and started persecuting the Jews. * In 1165 Maimonides but soon after steeled in Fustat ‚ in Egypt . * He became head of the Egyptian Jewish community and his fame spread . * Began writing at 16 . * He began his Kitab al Siraj ‚ an Arabic commentary on the Talmud when he was 23 and finished it 10 years later. * This
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SINGLE BUILDING VS HOUSING COMPLEX CONSUMER BEHAVIOR SHRUSHTI MASKE DIVYA SHARMA PRASHANT SATYAM VIJAY RAJ RATNAKUMAR ALISHA NAREKULI INTRODUCTION SINGLE BUILDINGS An apartment building is a multi-unit dwelling made up of several (generally four or more) apartments. Contrast this with the two-family house and the three-family dwelling. Property Classes In every community there are several types of multi-family housing ‚ properties are typically put into one of four
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1 Hazrat Umar Farroq Caliphate of Hazrat Umar Farooq Hazrat Umar: His life before becoming a caliph and his character Hazrat Umar belonged to the Quraishi family of Banu Adi. His father’s name was Khattab bin Nufail. The ancestry of Hazrat Umar coincided with the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in eighth generation. The name of Hazrat Umar’s mother Hantamah bint Hisham bin Mughairah. He was born in the Year of the Elephant (about 40 years before
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foundation‚ Alexandria became the seat of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt‚ and quickly grew to be one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world — second only to Rome in size and wealth. It fell to the Arabs in 641 AD‚ and a new capital of Egypt‚ Fustat‚ was founded on the Nile. After Alexandria ’s status as the country ’s capital ended‚ it fell into a long decline‚ which by the late Ottoman period‚ had seen it reduced to little more than a small fishing village. The city was revived in the early
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Chaos in Cairo What is known today as the Greater Cairo Region is in fact a combination of a number of neighbouring cities and governorates (including Cairo‚ Giza‚ Helwan‚ Qalyubia and 6th of October. Since the first establishment in the region‚ Al- Fustat in 641 AD‚ Cairo was in continuous growth. The numerous and different reigns over Egypt since the establishment of Cairo‚ different Islamic periods‚ Ottoman‚ French‚ English until the revolution in 1952‚ have led to the inconsistency in development
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