CASE OF FEMALE GENITAL `MUTILATION: THE TENSION BETWEEN CULTURAL RELATIVISM AND UNIVERSALISM Dianne Camille T. Corales University of the Philippines Mindanao Department of Social Sciences‚ BA Anthropology December 2014` 2 INTRODUCTION Over the past years‚ the practice of Female Genital Mutilation has received an increasing global attention and mass condemnation from the West in general along with the Feminists and Human Rights Advocates. According to the statistics of UNICEF in 2013‚ Female Genital
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truly been eliminated from all forms of discrimination? The above imaginary situation is in fact exaggerated‚ though upon careful scrutiny of the Human Rights matter‚ even nowadays Black girls are not even protected from barbaric‚ evil tradition; “Female Genital Mutilation[3]” (hereinafter referred to as ‘FGM’). Bearing in mind that there are around 130 million women worldwide affected by FGM (Amnesty International est.) and recognizing hundreds and thousands of girls still going through this
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Female Genital Mutilation Female genital mutilation (FGC) is often referred to as female circumcision. The practice is common in many places around the world like parts of Africa and the Middle East. In many third world countries the practice has been part of cultural traditions for many‚ many years to initiate rites of passage. In extreme cases female genital mutilation is done to ensure fidelity. Efforts to stop this practice are in place around the world but are often presented with many challenges
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Also called female circumcision‚ FGC is defined as “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether or not for non-medical reasons” (UNAIDS et al.‚ 2008‚ p. 1). Some advocates for FGC eradication refer to the procedure as female genital mutilation because of the extent of damage it can cause to a woman’s reproductive organs. There four classifications of FGC that have been established by international agencies
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Female Genital Mutilation: A Case of Cultural Relativism (Or Not?) Abstract Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice that involves the cutting of external female genitalia. Issues that need to be considered regarding FGM are its health consequences‚ the fact that it violates basic human rights and democratic principles (of paternalism)‚ and that the reasons why it is performed are completely unjustified. Supporters of the practice argue how it is a cultural right‚ and hence universal
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archaic and primitive desires. Females have often had to repress these desires more than males. Males have been the dominating species throughout history and have expected women to repress their nature. For the most part‚ females kept their place in society and played their role but there were some who broke the norm. There have been serious consequences for females who have attempted to liberate themselves‚ especially when they attempt to do so sexually. Females have the ability to achieve their
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Female Genital Mutilation – Violating Women’s Rights and Bodies Female Genital Mutilation is often abbreviated “FGM” and is also known as Female Genital Cutting (FGC) or Female Circumcision. According to the World Health Organization‚ there are 4 major types of practices. The most common one is the Clitoridectomy‚ a partial or total removal of the clitoris. The Excision is the partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora and/or the labia majora‚ the inner and outer lips
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Shakespeare extensively explores female stereotypes that occur during the playwright’s time. Throughout the Shakespearian era‚ women were seen as the inferior sex‚ over whom men had complete control and thus forcing women to act submissively and obediently in front of their husbands. Men believed that women were objects who just cooked meals‚ cleaned the house‚ and bore children while society just accepted these degrading roles. William Shakespeare extensively reinforces female stereotypes by presenting
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India is failing to prevent large-scale female infanticide and foeticide‚ according to a UN report. As a result‚ says the UN’s World Population Fund‚ India has one of the highest imbalances in the world between males and females. The Fund says that the low status of women in Indian society is mainly to blame‚ and criticises India for its lack of commitment to tackling gender inequality. Other Asian countries‚ particularly China‚ have similar problems. Poverty‚ ignorance and culture combine to
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Female circumcision is a practice not uncommon in Muslim society. Although this practice does not only occur within Muslim society‚ this paper will focus on the practices that do occur within Islamic society. The Islamic countries with the most prevalence in practicing this form of genital mutilation are Sudan (98%)‚ Somalia (98%)‚ and Egypt (75%) (El Saadawi 34). Other Islamic countries that practice this are Indonesia‚ Malaysia‚ Pakistan‚ and India‚ which practice this under the name of sunnah
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