Evolutionary (Darwinian) Medicine “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” –Theodosius Dobzhansky Proximate vs. Ultimate Questions Biological causation: proximate vs. ultimate explanations Physiology‚ genetics‚ biochemistry‚ etc. generally concentrate on * proximate causation “What” & “How” questions Ultimate causation: How evolutionary processes (natural selection; adaptation) and evolutionary history shape traits “Why” questions Traits have both types
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briefly describe the evolutionary theory in general‚ and specifically as it relates to the study of criminology. I will examine the ways in which natural selection has shaped the processes which motivate human behavior‚ especially in terms of how competing for limited resources and ensuring that one’s genetic code is passed on are linked to aggressive behavior. Two crimes of which I have personal knowledge will be evaluated‚ with emphasis placed on the ways in which evolutionary theory may account
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The Evolutionary Theory of Attachment Bowlby’s evolutionary theory consists of a number of essential factors. The evolutionary theory of attachment as proposed by John Bowlby (1907-1990) suggests that attachment‚ in terms of adaptation‚ is essential for survival. In order to progress healthily‚ children are born with an innate tendency to form attachments. This means that infants are pre-programmed to become attached to their caregiver. This is supported by the research of Lorenz (1952) in
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The evolutionary model of jealousy implies that jealousy responses between men and women evolved to aid them with the different reproductive challenges faced by the two sexes. It states that‚ when it comes to infidelity‚ men are concerned with their female partner becoming pregnant by another man and are therefore more likely to feel jealous in response to sexual infidelity cues. Women are more concerned with their male partner diverting emotional and material resources required for raising her children
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The evolutionary paradigm covers different theories of evolution. Some theories can be applied to modern times and others may seem a little outdated or more relevant to the animal kingdom rather than to humans. I believe that individuals are unique‚ some theories may apply to individuals in different ways‚ and other theories may not apply at all. It all depends on the individual. Darwin’s theory of evolution covers different ideas or theories explaining human behavior. One belief of Darwin’s that
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which still has many controversies surrounding it is the notion of evolutionary psychology. As this field progresses into the world‚ many brilliant scientists from around the world reason why they think it’s false. Both supporters and adversaries not only helped shed light for each other‚ but also helped shed light in helping me decide whether I wanted to stand behind this new field‚ or be among the many that decline it. Evolutionary psychology is the up and coming belief
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Evolutionary Bioenergetics of Protocells Introduction Bioenergetics is central to our understanding of living systems‚ though there has been very less research in field of finding the origins of life. Understanding the origin of cellular life on Earth requires the discovery of plausible pathways for the transition from complex prebiotic chemistry to simple biology‚ defined as the emergence of chemical assemblies capable of Darwinian evolution. A coherent pathway which starts from no more than
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Evolutionary Theory of Attachment The evolutionary explanation of attachments was first developed by Bowlby. He said that an attachment is biological and crucial for survival as it ensures the infant is cared for due to the reciprocal nature of attachment. Bowlby also said that both infants and carers are innately programmed with the ability to make attachments and that Bowlby believes in monotropy‚ the belief that a child can only create an attachment with one primary caregiver only and this
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07/09/12 Bowlby’s Evolutionary Theory “Babies’ smiles are powerful things‚ leaving mothers spellbound and enslaved. Who can doubt that the baby who most readily rewards his mother with a smile is the one who is best loved and best cared for?” – Bowlby‚ 1957. John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst (like Freud) and believed that mental health and behavioral problems could be attributed to early childhood. Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically
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Discuss evolutionary explanations of group display in humans From an evolutionary perspective‚ it has been emphasized that Natural selection has favored genes that cause group member to be altruistic toward members of their own group‚ but intolerant towards outsiders. This is known as Xenophobia-a fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners. MacDonald suggests that over exaggerating the stereotypes of outsiders helps survival as seeing an exaggerated threat is safer than under estimating a threat
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