Communications and Sensors Faculty of Engineering‚ Rand Afrikaans University PO Box 524‚ Auckland Park 2006‚ South Africa Abstract-This paper presents an adaptive gain equalization technique of the gain spectrum for an Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) by using a tuneable Long-Period Grating ) (LPG). The gain spectrum of an EDFA at a wavelength of ) 1530nm was equalized from 5.2dB peak-to-peak to 2.3dB peak-to-peak. The LPG was fabricated by using an excimer laser and a metal mask. By means of a novel technique
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Essay on 2G Spectrum Scam B Rajashekar Reddy (1593206) MADS 6604 Ethics and Public Values Prof Brenda Lyshaug‚ Ph.D. Fairleigh Dickinson University April 01‚ 2013 “2G” stands for “Second-generation wireless telephone technology”. The 2G scam is one of the biggest scam till now in India and the highest authority of India Supreme Court stated that this scam is mother of all the scam till now in India. In this 2G spectrum scam many government officials are involved for illegally undercharging
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and being unable to communicate with people in everyday life. Unfortunately for many‚ this isn’t a hypothetical situation; it’s their lives. This is a disorder called the “Autism Spectrum Disorder.” This disease can be classified and defined thousands of different ways‚ but the one thing connecting everyone on this spectrum is the fact that the reason why they have this disorder is completely unknown to scientists. There are theories that range all the way from genetics to cases of physical harm‚ but
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Electromagnetic Spectrum 299‚792‚458 m/s – speed of light 186‚282 mile/s Speed of light = WL x Frequency C=(^)(v) Wavelength sa Electric field Band Designations: ELF- extreme low – 3-30hz SLF- super – 30-300hz ULF- ultra – 300hz-3khz VLF – very – (Vice Versa) LF – low MF – medium HF – VHF – UHF – SHF – EHF – 30-300ghz Standard Frequency JJY- japan – 40khz‚ 60khz MSF – Rugby‚England – 60khz‚5km‚3.1miles) WWVB‚ Colorado‚USA (60khz) HBG – Switzerland (75khz) DCF77 – main‚Germany (77.5khz) LORAN-
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What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Danella Armstrong Coun 646 Liberty University Abstract Autism is a very unique disorder in that no two individuals with the disability are identical with regard to signs and symptoms. Because there is such variety in the behavior and level of functioning with this disability‚ there are several other diagnosis under the umbrella of Autism to include: Asperger’s disorder‚ Rett’s disorder‚ Fragile X Syndrome‚ Child Disintegrative Disorder‚ and Pervasive Development
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optical communication and laser physics. There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal‚ which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fiber amplifiers and bulk lasers‚ stimulated emission in the amplifier’s gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplfiers (SOAs)‚ electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers‚ Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain
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Zellweger Spectrum Disorder is a group of overlapping symptoms and signs that affect many parts of the body. This group of disorders includes Zellweger syndrome (most severe)‚ neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (intermediate)‚ and infantile Refsum disease (least severe) because these different groups are so similar doctors prefer to just refer to these disorders as severe‚ intermediate‚ and mild. Symptoms that present themselves throughout the levels of severity include weak muscle tone‚ feeding problems
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism is a brain development disorder that a child is usually born with. The disorder was first described in 1943 (Goldman‚ 2003‚ p.852). It is know to affect about 1 in 1000 people in the U.S and is more common in males than in females (Goldman‚ 2003‚ p.852). The symptoms are very widely ranged. In general‚ there is failure to develop language and communication skills‚ unable to form normal social relation ships‚ and a need to follow a routine. Symptoms Many children
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remote controls‚ wireless keyboards or wireless Palm® devices. How Free Space Optics (FSO) Works Free Space Optics (FSO) transmits invisible‚ eye-safe light beams from one "telescope" to another using low power infrared laser in the terahertz spectrum. The beams of light in Free Space Optics (FSO) systems are transmitted by laser light focused on highly sensitive photon detector receivers. These receivers are telescopic lenses able to collect the photon stream and transmit digital data containing
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Carbon Emission and it’s Issues Recently‚ the amount of carbon emissions reached 40 billion tons. This is a record high‚ and is very damaging for Earth and humans alike. Carbon emission is a serious issue that can affect all of us in the near future. It is very harmful to the environment‚ but can also be delayed. Carbon emission is the total amount of carbon dioxide that are released in the air. There are natural and unnatural reasons for this. Nature‚ releases carbon dioxide‚ one of the most common
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