Unit C2‚ C2.2.3 Covalent structures 1. This drill contains an electric motor. The diagram below shows the main parts of an electric motor. The carbon contacts are made of graphite. Springs push the contacts against the copper ring. The contacts conduct electricity to the copper ring. The copper ring rotates rapidly but does not stick or become worn because the graphite is soft and slippery. Graphite has properties which are ideal for making the contacts in an electric motor. Explain
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atom -Proton‚ neutron‚ electron 1b. An atom of calcium contains 20 protons. How many electrons does it have? -20 2b. Compare the structure of carbon-12 and carbon-13 -Carbon-12 has 6 protons‚ 6 electrons and 6 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 6 protons‚ 6 electrons and 8 neutrons. 4a. What are two types of bonds that hold the atoms within a compound together? -Ionic and covalent bonds 4b. A potassium atom easily loses its one electron. What type of bond will it form
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replaced the Plum Pudding model. Even though all of Rutherford’s discoveries are exceedingly important‚ I believe that the most important one is‚ his discovery of the an atom’s nuclear structure The atom now consist of a positive nucleus with negative electrons in circular orbits around it. In addition to this‚ he discovered that atoms have a dense core (nucleus) where protons and neutrons are located. Along
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Determination of Melting and Boiling Point of different Organic Compounds Bakare‚ Abimbola Kristine‚ C. Professor Miranda Marilyn‚ school of chemical engineering and biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology‚ CHM145L-B11 ABSTRACT A melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the first crystal just starts to melt until the temperature at which the last crystal just disappears. Thus‚ the melting point (m.p.) is actually a melting range. The melting point of a substance depends
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Date: 2013/03/29 1. If we apply the highly successful kinetic theory of gases to a metal‚ consider as a gas of electrons (in fact‚ back in 1900 Drude constructed the theory‚ hence the Drude theory of metals)‚ and assume that the electron velocity distribution is given by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution‚ what would the most probable speed‚ average speed‚ and rms speed for electrons at room temperature? Compare those to H2. The Drude theory was replaced by the Sommerfeld theory of metals‚ in
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in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal‚ with the electrons spending more time around the more non-metallic atom‚ are called polar covalent bonds. In such a bond there is a charge separation with one atom being slightly more positive and the other more negative‚ i.e.‚ the bond will produce a dipole moment. On the other hand‚ Ionic bonds are bonds in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and
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particles must give way to the idea that electrons and atoms have wave-like properties‚ and that the wavelength associated with the particle depends on the particle’s momentum. Describing the interactions of the waves corresponding to individual electrons is at the heart of molecular wave mechanics. When the electron waves in a region of the molecule overlap in a constructive way‚ like water waves reinforcing each other‚ there is greater likelihood of finding the electrons in that region. The challenge
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1.) How gating of a thyristor works? A thyristor is a 4 layer 3 terminal device with 3 junctions. When the anode terminal has positive voltage and no gate voltage is applied‚ the first and the third junction are forward biased and the second junction is turned reverse biased allowing no current flow through the thyristor. A thyristor starts to conduct when the voltage across the anode and cathode (VAK) is increased beyond the thyristors breakdown voltage (VBO). This is
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MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS INTRODUCTION Molecular electronics (sometimes called moletronics) is a branch of applied physics which aims at using molecules as passive (e.g. resistive wires) or active (e.g. transistors) electronic components. The concept of molecular electronics has aroused much excitement both in science fiction and among scientists due to the prospect of size reduction in electronics offered by such minute components. It is an enticing alternative to extend Moore’s Law beyond the
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Module 2 Mass Spectroscopy [pic] [pic] Diagram of a mass spectrometer Stage 1: Ionisation The sample is injected as a vapour and the atoms are bombarded by fast moving electrons. This causes the molecule to fragment into two or more pieces. When a molecule or part thereof fragments‚ one portion would be positively charged while the second portion will be uncharged. All uncharged fragments are ultimately lost in the machine as mass spectrometers only work with positive ions. Stage 2: Acceleration
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