expected average outcome over many observations.The common symbol for the mean (also known as the expected value of X) is ‚ formally defined by Variance - The variance of a discrete random variable X measures the spread‚ or variability‚ of the distribution‚ and is defined by The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Expectation - The expected value (or mean) of X‚ where X is a discrete random variable‚ is a weighted average of the possible values that X can take‚ each value
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A population of measurements is approximately normally distributed with mean of 25 and a variance of 9. Find the probability that a measurement selected at random will be between 19 and 31. Solution: The values 19 and 31 must be transformed into the corresponding z values and then the area between the two z values found. Using the transformation formula from X to z (where µ = 25 and σ √9 = 3)‚ we have z19 = (19 – 25) / 3 = -2 and z31 = (31 - 25) / 3 = +2 From the area between z =±2 is 2(0
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Ducati Q) How did Ducati become a profitable motorcycle maker despite its small scale? Before its takeover by the American private equity firm Texas Pacific Group (TPG)‚ Ducati went from being one of the top manufacturers of the high performance sport motorcycle industry to being on the verge of bankruptcy. TPG identified Ducati as a high end product with enormous potential for growth but realized that serious change was required if Ducati was to ever fulfill this potential. TPG decided to
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Ducati Ducati is a professional motorcycle manufacturer‚ especially in producing sport motorcycles. Ducati had been transformed from a company on the verge of bankruptcy into one of the most profitable motorcycle manufacturer by Federico Minoli. At the end of April‚ 2001‚ Ducati had gained a market share of 7% in the sport bike segment while Industry analysts agreed the company had an excellent growth potential in the following years. However‚ by ensuring the company’s profitable double-digit growth
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1. How did Ducati become the second most profitable motorcycle maker in the world despite its small scale? What is the fundamental logic of Minoli’s turn around? Operational effectiveness is a key to gain profitability. [p 29 What is Strategy?] Constant improvements in the following operational activities resulted in profit maximization of Ducati: Standardization of products using two crank cases and three cylinder heads provided efficiency gains in manufacturing. Moved towards a platform
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Probability distribution Definition with example: The total set of all the probabilities of a random variable to attain all the possible values. Let me give an example. We toss a coin 3 times and try to find what the probability of obtaining head is? Here the event of getting head is known as the random variable. Now what are the possible values of the random variable‚ i.e. what is the possible number of times that head might occur? It is 0 (head never occurs)‚ 1 (head occurs once out of 2 tosses)
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Normal Distribution It is important because of Central Limit Theorem (CTL)‚ the CTL said that Sum up a lot of i.i.d random variables the shape of the distribution will looks like Normal. Normal P.D.F Now we want to find c This integral has been proved that it cannot have close form solution. However‚ someone gives an idea that looks stupid but actually very brilliant by multiply two of them. reminds the function of circle which we can replace them to polar coordinate Thus Mean
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Channels of Distribution In the uncertain fluctuating market of today‚ it is essential for a company to hold on and face those uncertainties in order to survive. Consumers can be an aid for a company’s survival‚ thereby it is essential for consumers to get the goods of a company whenever and however they need them. Here is where distribution channels come in and give hand. "Channels of distribution are the different paths that goods passed through in moving from the producer to the consumer"‚ (Meyer
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0-306-074 Ducati: In Pursuit of Magic (A) On the first business day of January 2006‚ Federico Minoli pulled up and parked his Ducati Multistrada motorcycle in front of the Ducati headquarters in Bologna‚ Italy. As he looked up at the complex‚ which housed offices‚ the assembly factory and the Ducati museum‚ he reflected back on the company’s history. 2006 would mark several anniversaries: 80 years since Ducati was established to produce electronic radio equipment; 60 years since Ducati had been
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Ryan SAAD 1) Ducati became the second most profitable motorcycle maker in the world despite its small scale thanks to several successful strategies. First of all‚ the operational effectiveness of Ducati was the key factor to gain the second most profitable motorcycle maker. Their Platform based approach to production caused more efficiency with economic of scale. Also‚ the Standardizing of products using two crank cases and three cylinder heads creates efficiency gains in manufacturing. Moreover
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