NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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reactions are performed in a heated water bath at 60 C for 2 hours. Note the exact reaction time in seconds! After 2 hours the polymerization is stopped by immersing the test tubes in an ice bath. The contents in the tubes are dissolved in 40 mL of toluene and the different polymers are then precipitated by adding the solutions slowly‚ drop-by-drop‚ into 400 mL of methanol under vigorous stirring. It is very important that the solution is added dropwise
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the sulfanilamide was dissolved in the mother liquor‚ and also because of a small spillage of the crystals from the filtration step. Part C of this lab was performed by first finding the best solvent for Fluorene. This was done by testing water‚ toluene‚ and methyl alcohol by adding 6mL of solvent to .3g of Fluorene. It is then shaken‚ if it dissolves immediately like it did
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Pollution is one of the main problems the world faces today. One of the reasons is the overload of non-biodegradable objects like plastics‚ cans and Styrofoam. The invention of plastics and Styrofoam made a huge change in our society and it helped us in many ways. But it is also one of the main pollutants that destroy our planet. Because of these we devised a way to recycle used Styrofoam‚ and this is to make glue out of it. This glue can help reduce the number of Styrofoam
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Nor Amirah Farhana Nawawi Organic Chemistry Lab Report Bo Shen Title: Nucleophillic Substitution Reaction Introduction: This lab experimented on the reactions of the chemicals that undergoes SN1 or SN2 reaction. Nine different compounds were given to be examined with two reagents - NaI in acetone and AgNO3 in ethanol. The SN1 reaction happens in AgNO3 in ethanol reagents‚ and SN2 reaction is in NaI in acetone. Procedure: Following the lab manual. Results: compound NaI /acetone (SN2) AgNO3/ethanol
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Contaminated chemical reagents Inappropriate proportions Uncontrolled environmental factors such as light and temperature. Human errors 3.) Reactivity towards chlorination (least reactive to most reactive) a. Toluene‚ Nitrobenzene‚ Anisole‚ Methylbenzoate -Nitrobenzene‚ Methylbenzoate‚ Toluene‚ Anisole b. Benzene‚ acetophenone‚ bromobenzene‚ benzyl alchohol - Acetophenone‚ Bromobenzene‚ Benzene‚ Benzyl alcohol c. Styrene‚ benzaldehyde‚ aniline‚ iodobenzene - Benzaldehyde‚ Iodobenzene‚Styrene‚ Aniline
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Purification of Water Domestic: Distillation - In the process of distillation water is heated and evaporation takes place‚ whereby water changes back to water when cooled; this process is called condensation. The condensed water is the purest form of water‚ free from microbes‚ and impurities. Boiling - Boiling is the best and simplest method to purify water. After straining the water twice through clean muslin cloth‚ it is boiled for ten minutes lo kill the microbes present in it and also remove
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CHM1002 Synthesis of Benzanilide and Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate and the Identification of ‘Unknowns’ from Spectroscopic and Physical Properties James Lucas 10394308 23/11/12 Introduction In this series of practicals it was the aim to synthesise both Benzanilide and Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate. Benzanilide was synthesised using The Schotten Baumann reaction which takes a hydrogen atom from an amino group and substitutes it for an acyl group. For Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate
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Indoor pollution sources that release gases or particles into the air are the primary cause of indoor air quality problems in homes. Inadequate ventilation can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the home. High temperature and humidity levels can also increase concentrations of some pollutants. It is stated in “1)edugreen.teri” that Air pollutants consist of gaseous pollutants
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samples that we are going to analyze are: the EtOAc from Simple distillation‚ the Fraction 1‚ Fraction 2‚ and Fraction 3 from the Fractional Distillation. Experimental Procedure 1. Inject a 5 µL sample of EtOAc from the Simple Distillation. Determine the actual % recovery of the purified EtOAc based on the % composition observed from the gas chromatogram. 2. Inject a 5 µL sample of Fraction 1 from the Fractional Distillation. Determine the actual % recovery of the purified EtOAc based
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