Fluid and Electrolytes Study Guide -Fluids and Electrolytes move between interstitial fluid (surrounds the cell) and the intravascular fluid (blood plasma‚ capillaries). -Intracellular Fluid: -Extracellular Fluid: -Interstitial Fluid -Intravascular Fluid -Transcellular Fluid -Filtration: movement of water and smaller molecules through a semipermeable membrane. it s promoted by hydrostatic pressure‚ lack of this will call edema and unable to concentrate urine -Diffusion: from a high concentration
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According to Denman: Increasing size of uterus Greater pressure on blood vessels Regurgitation of blood to cerebral vessels Cerebral congestion convulsions A PICTURE OF Dr. THOMAS DENMAN In 1849 Dr. William Tyler Smith challenged this theory because he believed that pregnancy was a state of fullness in circulation and many cases of Convulsions would be observed if such congestion caused convulsions. According to him‚ the cause are; • Any excessive mechanical
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Improving Outcomes in Sepsis Patients in the Emergency Department Sepsis is a left threatening illness that affects millions of people each year. The Center of Disease Control reports sepsis as the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (V). For adults age 65 and over hospital admission because of sepsis have increased 48%. The body’s immune system switches into “high gear” which overwhelms the body’s normal blood flow and oxygenation of tissues throughout the body. This process‚
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Peripheral Vascular Disease I. Definition of the disease A. Peripheral Arterial Disease 1. Atherosclerotic: a. Atheroma consisting of a core of cholesterol joined to proteins with a fibrous intravascular covering i. Gradual progression ii. Segmental progression 2. Nonatherosclerotic: a. Inflammatory and thrombotic process of arteries unrelated to atherosclerosis i. Faster progression than atherosclerotic disease II. Etiology/pathogenesis A. Atherosclerotic 1. Risk factors a. Age
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Blood Film Staining – Normal & Malignant Cells Case Study 1 Male 72 yrs Hb 77g/l (NR 130-180) RBC 2.23 x 10¹²/l (NR 4.5-6.5) MCV 88fl (NR 76-96) WBC 98.2 x 10/l (NR 4-11) Platelets 28 x 10/l (NR 150-400) A) Calculation of PCV (packed cell volume or haematocrit) PCV = RBC (cells/l) x 10¯¹² x MCV (fl) RBC = 2.23 x 10¹²/l MCV = 88fl or 88 x 10/l PCV = 2.23 x 88 x10 PCV = 196.24/1000 PCV = 0.196 (NR 0.4-0.54) B) Calculation of MCH (mean cell volume) MCH = Hb
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Jess Fritsche Leptospira interrogans; Leishmania donovani; Legionella pneumophila Leptospira interrogans are flexible‚ gram-negative spirochetes (spiral or cork-screw bacteria) with internal flagella that they use to propel themselves by twisting back and forth 1. “They are motile‚ with hooked ends and paired axial flagella (one on each end)‚ enabling them to burrow into tissue. Motion is marked by continual spinning on the long axis” 2. Leptospira cells are encased in a three to five layer
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with colloid or crystalloid solutions in critically ill patients: A systematic review of randomized trials. BMJ 1998; 316:961–964 Schon‚ D.A Thalheimer‚ U.‚ Triantos‚ C‚ K.‚ Samonaskis‚ D‚ N.‚ Patch‚ D.‚ and Burroughs‚ A‚ K. (2005). Infection‚ coagulation‚ and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. GUT. 2005; 54; 556-563. Urden‚ L.‚ Stacy‚ K.‚ and Lough‚ M. (2002). Thelan’s Critical Care Nursing: Diagnosis and Management. 4th ed. St Louise: Mosby Inc. Way‚ J.‚ Black‚ A‚ L.‚ and Randall Curtis‚ J Wong
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platelets and blood plasma leakage‚ or into dengue shock syndrome‚ where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. In a small portion of these cases the virus causes increase vascular permeability that lead s to bleeding diathesis or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) known as dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Typically‚ people infected with dengue virus are asymptomatic (80%) or only have mild symptoms such as an uncomplicated fever. Others have more severe illness (5%)‚ and in a small proportion
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Medical Jargon A abduction - to move a limb or some other body part away from the midline of the body ABG - arterial blood gas reading acetaminophen - a nonsalicylate analgesic-antipyretic (Tylenol) ACE - angiotension-converting enzyme ACLS - advanced cardiac life support; includes electricity (defibrillator) and drugs for life threatening arrhythmias acidotic - abnormally high acidity of body fluids and tissues acute - sudden‚ intense flare-up adenosine - a drug used to help a patient
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Chapter 19- The Cardiovascular System: The Blood 1) Which of the following is NOT function of blood? A) transports nutrients‚ wastes and gases B) regulates pH C) defends against infection D) promote blood loss E) distribute heat 2) Which of the following is correct? A) A 100 lb (45 Kg) woman will have about 8 lb (3.6 Kg) of blood. B) Most adult humans have between 4 and 6 L of blood‚ depending on their size. C) Normal blood is less viscous than water and has a neutral pH. D) A and
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