History of Indian Budget India’s first Finance Minister Sir R.K. Shanmugham Chetty‚ presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26‚ 1947. Since then‚ 28 differentUnion Finance Ministers have been presenting the budget year after year. Initially‚ major attention was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved‚ the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors like industrial‚ financial etc. During the early the fifties‚ Indian budget highlights revolved
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CHAPTER 8 FLEXIBLE BUDGETS‚ OVERHEAD COST VARIANCES‚ AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL 8-16 (20 min.) Variable manufacturing overhead‚ variance analysis. 1. Variable Manufacturing Overhead Variance Analysis for Esquire Clothing for June 2009 | | |Flexible Budget: |Allocated: | |Actual Costs Incurred | |Budgeted Input Qty. |Budgeted Input Qty.
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Analysis of Article The study‚ Direct Vocabulary Instruction in Kindergarten: teaching for breadth versus depth‚ links to Hoover and Gough’s research on reading‚ the concept of direct instruction‚ meta-comprehension and group reading/reading to children. The study focuses on working out how children learn the 9 target words the best‚ and the findings parallel to Hoover and Gough’s 1990 ‘Simple View of Reading’ where it is evident that if a student is taught not only the word‚ but also the meaning
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A budget is a plan. Budgeting is generally formalized written documents. Budgeting is the process of developing a plan‚ implementing it and attempting to control outcomes so that they confirm to or exceed the result called for by the plan. Budgeting is an element of cost accounting‚ because mush of planning related to cost the organization expects to incur. 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETS Budgeting is important process in organization. A budget process that works
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Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India’s retail sector. ABSTRACT: Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 15 percent of its GDP. Organized retailing is absent in most rural and small towns of India. Supermarkets and similar organized retail stores account for just 4 percent of the market. The main fear of FDI in retail trade is that it will certainly disrupt the livelihood of the poor people engaged in this trade. The opening of big
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NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESIS Thesis subject: Strengthening the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) capital into Nghe An province. Speciality: Financial and Banking Economics Code: 62.31.12.01 PhD candidate: DANG THANH CUONG Instructed by: ASSOC. PROF. PHD NGUYEN THI BAT Training institution: National Economics University 1. New contributions in academic‚ theoretical aspects. (1) On the basis of inhering the pervious researches on attraction of FDI‚ combining with actual investigation
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insight Direct taxes Code: need for greater Reflection M Govinda Rao‚ R Kavita Rao A new tax code that overhauls the complexities that have emerged in the Income Tax Act of 1961 has been long overdue. The draft Direct Taxes Code put out by the Finance Ministry for discussion and comment does just that in a number of areas. At the same time questions must be posed of the sweeping reduction in rates and restructuring of slabs in income tax‚ which are likely to rob the exchequer of a significant
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Assess the arguments in favor of the greater use of direct democracy in the UK. There are both positives and negative for the UK government using a greater amount of direct democracy in the way they govern. A direct democracy involves every citizen voting on every issue. I will explore these positives and negatives in this text. At the moment we have a mixed use of democratic systems in the UK‚ however we are mainly based on a representative democracy‚ and a participatory democracy. This is because
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Research Vol. 5‚ No. 3; March 2012 The Effect of Investment Promotion on Foreign Direct Investment Inflow into Ghana Justice G. Djokoto Department of Agribusiness‚ Central Business School‚ Central University College P. O. Box DS 2310‚ Dansoman‚ Accra‚ Ghana Tel: 233-28-503-7399 Received: January 10‚ 2012 doi:10.5539/ibr.v5n3p46 Abstract The paper investigated the effect of investment promotion (IP) on foreign direct investment flow (FDI) into Ghana. Cointegration among the variables was established
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Introduction A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving‚ borrowing and spending. It is also an important concept in microeconomics‚ which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. In other terms‚ a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms. But now-a-days a budget is something more than an estimate of revenue and expenditure. There is no alternative of budget for the implementation of development
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