(shows the diversity of species). He also found that the amount of A nucleotides equaled the number of T nucleotides‚ and the number of C nucleotides equaled the number of G nucleotides. | Wilkins and Franklin | Used a technique called x-ray crystallography to produce a picture of the DNA molecule | Watson and Crick | Figured out structure of DNA was a double helix‚ and used Chagraff’s observations to determine that purines pair with pyrimidines to maintain equidistance in the helix. (A with T
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pellet h. result = it’s the DNA that’s injected into the host to make more virus (even plated these spun down pellet bacteria‚ and they lysed and released new virus C. Discovery of the structure of DNA 1. Watson and Crick a. used an x-ray crystallography picture (p297) by Franklin to determine DNA as a double-helical structure b. review p298 – A pairs with T and G with C/ A and G are
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Ka Zhu The Importance of the Structure of DNA Understanding ideas at a macroscopic scale is simple. Looking at a clock‚ observing and understanding the movements of the hands over the numbered surface are‚ in essence‚ all one requires to use the device. In order for innovation to occur‚ it is imperative to understand the inner workings of the device on a microscopic scale to modulate its properties. Such is the case for many innovations in science‚ from the heat engine to penicillin‚ and is no
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The History of the Double Helix In our study of the sociology of science‚ reading James Watson’s account of the discovery of the structure of DNA in The Double Helix gives us an insight into how science works as a "collective activity." To illustrate how the norms of science work through this description of events I chose specifically to look at the system of hierarchy among the scientists‚ how the scientists share information between labs‚ and how credit is allocated when the findings are published
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bacteria). o Bacteriaphages were good for the experiment because they only contain 2 organic compounds‚ DNA and protein. • James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to solve the structure (structure=function) of DNA. • X-ray crystallography( process used to visualize molecules in 3-D. • DNA is a double helix- structure • The nitrogenous bases of DNA are( adenine (A)‚ thymine (T)‚ guanine (G)‚ and cytosine (C). • The 2 strands (the leading and the lagging strand) are
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Mary K. Campbell Shawn O. Farrell cengage.com/chemistry/campbell Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information Paul D. Adams • University of Arkansas Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acid: a biopolymer containing three types of monomer units • a base derived from purine or pyrimidine (nucleobases) • a monosaccharide‚ either D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose • phosphoric acid • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleic Acids • Levels of structure •
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Case Analysis: Genzyme’s CSR Dilemma: How to Play its HAND. Background Considered a leader in the biotechnology industry‚ Genzyme has come a long way since its inception as a supplier of basic chemicals and reagents in 1981. As a leader in the development of orphan drugs‚ Genzyme realized revenues of almost $4B in 2007. Greater than 30% of its revenue in 2007 is attributed to the sales of drugs that target orphan diseases‚ such as Cerezyme‚ a novel Genzyme drug used to treat Gaucher disease
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Chapter 16 Notes: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953‚ James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of DNA. DNA‚ the substance of inheritance‚ is the most celebrated molecule of our time. Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body. This DNA program directs the development of biochemical‚ anatomical‚ physiological‚ and (to some extent) behavioral traits Early in
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Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis All animals and most microorganisms rely on the continual uptake of large amounts of organic compounds from their environment. These compounds are used to provide both the carbon skeletons for biosynthesis and the metabolic energy that drives cellular processes. It is believed that the first organisms on the primitive Earth had access to an abundance of the organic compounds produced by geochemical processes‚ but that most of these original compounds were used up billions
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Blueprint Of Life 1. Evidence of evolution suggests that the mechanisms of inheritance‚ accompanied by selection‚ allow change over many generations * Outline the impact on the evolution of plants and animals of: - Changes in physical conditions in the environment - Changes in chemical conditions in the environment - Competition for resources Physical Conditions | Chemical Conditions | Competition for resources | Change in physical conditions such as:- Temperature- Wind conditions-
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