CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE OUTLINE I. Life’s Hierarchical Order A. The living world is a hierarchy‚ with each level of biological structure building on the level below it B. Each level of biological structure has emergent properties C. Cells are an organism’s basic units of structure and function D. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA E. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization F. Organisms are
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Biochemistry Types of bonding: Ionic Results from the attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules. They must lose or gain electrons to become charged. For example‚ a sodium molecule and a chlorine molecule form an ionic bond to create sodium chloride (NaCl) Covalent Results from the sharing of one or more pairs of valence electrons to create a stable molecule. For example‚ the covalent bonding of hydrogen ions creates hydrogen gas (H2) or the covalent bonding between carbon and hydrogen
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oxide (simple molecular‚ giant molecular‚ giant ionic) I) Reactions with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. It is expected that some trends will appear across the period three oxides. Conductivity of electricity of molten oxide is likely to occur in the metal oxides as they have giant metallic structures which are capable of transferring delocalized electrons throughout their structure. This is not true of giant covalent structures and covalent bonds where all of their electrons are concerned
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as organic molecules. Biological macromolecules are very large molecules that are of a key importance to living organisms. Most biological macromolecules are built by joining smaller molecule subunits. Carbohydrates are large groups of organic compounds found in foods such as sugars‚ starches‚ glucose‚ fructose‚ galactose‚ and cellulose. Its atom makes up includes carbon (C)‚ hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) [Cn(H2O)n]. Most common sugars create a 1:2:1 ratio of C‚ H‚ and O. Carbohydrates can also be
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weight‚ the number of valence electrons and the valence (missing number in valence shell) 2. Definitions of a. element b. compound c. trace elements d. isotope e. ion f. isomer (don’t get d‚ e and f mixed up) g. proton h. neutron i. electron 3. Understand how covalent bonds form and the difference between polar covalent and non-polar covalent 4. How does an ionic bond form? 5. What is a H bond and know an example. 6. About chemical reactions: a. What is a chemical reaction? b. Reactants
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4 – Chapters 9 & 10 Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I – Lewis Theory 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) A covalent bond is formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. b) A pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond are sometimes referred to as "lone pairs." c) It is not possible for two atoms to share more than two electrons. e) A covalent bond has a lower potential energy than the two separate atoms. d) Single bonds are shorter than double bonds. 2. Which
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1. | An experiment is carried out to determine the freezing point of naphthalene.Solid naphthalene is heated in a water bath until it melts completely. The initial temperature is recorded. Then molten naphthalene is left to cool. The reading of the temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. Figure below shows the recorded thermometer readings at 30 seconds intervals. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku naftalena. Pepejal naftalena dipanaskan di dalam kukus air sehingga melebur
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uS/cm‚ Calcium Chloride 8‚400 uS/cm‚ Iron Chloride 1160 uS/cm and ocean water at 60‚000 uS/cm. The solutions containing Chlorine were significantly higher in conductivity than other solutions due to the reason that Chlorine can create ionic bonds and polar covalent bonds. However‚ there was no significant difference between the tap and pond water‚ yet a large difference in the distilled water without the trace minerals and carbon dioxide that dissolves when water touches
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MODULE 1 – Chemical Basis of Life v2.0 * Levels of Organization – biological functions are ultimately based on the properties of atoms and molecules * Subatomic particles – neutrons‚ electrons‚ protons * Atoms * Compounds * Complexes of compounds * Organelles – bodies within cells that perform specific functions * Cell * Specific combination of organelles * Can metabolize and reproduce * Least elaborate living structure * Significance of Chemistry/Physics
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Review for Semester 1 Physical Science _____ 1. What is a system of knowledge and the methods used to find that knowledge? _____ 2. How are science and technology related? _____ 3. In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? _____ 4. What happens when data in an investigation do not support the original hypothesis? _____ 5. What do we call the best possible explanation that scientists can come up with for an observation or event. _____
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