international contract is a contract that has a foreign element‚ that is to say that the contract is in contact with one or more order (s) legal (s) abroad (s). Specifically‚ the foreign element may be resident abroad‚ a party to the contract‚ nationality‚ place of contract conclusion‚ and many other possibilities. The commercial contract is a contract for a commercial transaction or a contract made by a trader for the purposes of his trade. Therefore an international commercial contract is the addition
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CHAPTER 11 NATURE AND CLASSES OF CONTRACTS CHAPTER OUTLINE A. NATURE OF CONTRACTS 1. DEFINITION OF A CONTRACT general rule. A contract is a legally binding agreement. Stated another way‚ "a contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy‚ or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty." (Restatement‚ Contracts‚ 2d) study hint. The essence of a contract is that (1) by mutual agreement (2) parties create obligations
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DURESS 1. Generally If one party pressures the contractual consent of another by duress the contract is voidable by that other party (See Also s 52A TPA and s 39 FTA). The common law has long recognised that duress‚ in the form of coercion of the plaintiff’s will through illegitimate pressure or threats to the plaintiff’s interests‚ render a contract voidable (Barton v Armstrong). Traditionally‚ the common law concept of duress was limited to actual or threatened violence to the person of
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Why do they call these contracts derivatives? Where is the optionality in these contracts? Weather derivatives structures commonly used are: i) cap - a call option; ii) Floor - a put option; iii) Collar - a put and a call option‚ usually with little or no premium; iv) Swap - a derivative with a profit and loss profile of a futures contract v) Digital option - an option that pays either a predetermined amount if acertain temperature or degree day level is reached‚ or nothing at all in other
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Part 1 THE FORMATION OF A CONTRACT There are five basic requirements that need to be satisfied in order to make a contract: ● An agreement between the parties (which is usually shown by the fact that one has made an offer and the other has accepted it). ● An intention to be legally bound by that agreement (often called intent to create legal relations). ● Certainty as to the terms of the agreement. ● Capacity to contract. ● Consideration provided by each of the
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Formation of contract The green van Hubert’s initial e-mail is merely an invitation to treat‚ demonstrating only a willingness to negotiate rather than an intention to be bound by acceptance. The response from Philip to Hubert’s preliminary enquiry about the green van is‚ however‚ clearly an offer. There is intention to be bound by acceptance‚ demonstrated by the expression “when do you want it?”‚ combined with identification of the essential elements – the price (£30‚000) and the subjects (the
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4. NOTES 4.1. THE ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT A. ESSENTIAL No 1 The Parties Must Act Within Their Contractual Capacity What is contractual capacity? We view it in relation to the concepts of personality and legal status: PERSONALITY – determines that you are a legal entity or persona. As a result of this personality you acquire legal status ie your legal status defines that legal personality further. STATUS then describes your legal “condition” eg a married woman‚ A public
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DISCHARGE Written by Mardi Szantyr Discharge of a contract refers to the way in which it comes to an end. Contracts can come to an end in the following ways: 1. by performance 2. by agreement 3. by frustration 4. by breach Each one of these methods of discharge will be considered. Discharge by performance The contract comes to an end when both parties perform their contractual obligations. Performance must substantially correspond with what the parties agreed allowing for minor
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Nd Contracts Outline Professor Murray 1. Contract Remedies (Chapter One) What is a contract?- promise or set of promises‚ for breach of which the law gives a remedy or the performance of which the law recognizes as a duty. Types of contracts- a. express: formed by language‚ oral or written b. implied: formed by manifestations of assent other than oral or written language; by conduct. c. quasi: not contracts at all‚ construed by courts to avoid unjust enrichment‚ by permitting plaintiff
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Court Court of Common Pleas Citation(s) (1862) 11 Cb (NS) 869; [1862] EWHC CP J35; 142 ER 1037 Transcript(s) Full text of judgment Judge(s) sitting Willes J‚ Byles J and Keating J Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J 35‚ is the leading English contract law case on the rule that one cannot impose an obligation on another to reject one ’s offer. This is sometimes misleadingly expressed as a rule that "silence cannot amount to acceptance". Later the case has been rethought‚ because it appeared that
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