CONTRACT LAW – LECTURE 4 Promissory estoppel Is about the enforceability of all alteration promises (promises to pay more and promises to accept less) and by contrast estoppels does not apply to promises about the formation of initial contracts Ex. If a creditor promises to accept a smaller sum in full settlement intending the debtor to rely on that promise‚ and the debtor does rely on it‚ the debtor may have a defence of promissory estoppels when sued for the balance by the creditor. The promise
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CONTRACT AND RELATED OBLIGATION Prof. Hillman I) Theories of Obligation A) CONTRACT: Agreement with Consideration – Bargain Theory of Consideration Definition: A promise that is supported by consideration because the promisor gets something (extracts) from the promissee in exchange for the promise. Ex: I tell Alice I will sell her my piano for 400 dollars and she agrees. I promised my piano in exchange for something (400 dollars) therefore my promise is enforceable. 1) Bargained
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Contract A contract is a promise between two or more persons involving the exchange of some good or service. Some of the basic elements of a contract include: an offer and an acceptance; "capacity‚" or being of legal age and sound competence; "mutual assent‚" or agreement on the terms of a contract; and "consideration‚" or compensation for goods or services rendered. The element that distinguishes a contract from an informal agreements is that it is legally binding:the law provides
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Contract is an agreement between two or more competent parties in which an offer is made and accepted‚ and each party benefits. No contract can come into being unless the following features exist: an actual offer‚ an acceptance‚ consideration (this means that each party will contribute something of a material value to the bargain) and an intention to create legal relations. The agreement can be formal‚ informal‚ written‚ or just plain understood. (a) For a contract to exist the offer must be made
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History of Contract in India The Third Law commission of British India formed in 1861 under the stewardship of Chairman Sir John Romilly‚ with initial members as Sir Edward Ryan‚ R. Lowe‚ J.M. Macleod‚ Sir W. Erle (succeeded by Sir. W.M. James) and Justice Wills (succeeded by J. Henderson)‚ had presented the report on contract law for India as Draft Contract Law (1866). The Draft Law was enacted as The Act 9 of 1872 on 25th April 1872 and the Indian Contract Act‚ 1872 came into force with effect
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“The parties to an executory contract are often faced‚ in the course of carrying it out‚ with a turn of events which they did not at all anticipate – a wholly abnormal rise or fall in prices‚ a sudden depreciation of currency‚ an unexpected obstacle to the execution‚ or the like. Yet this does not in itself affect the bargain which they have made…” (per Lord Simon in British Movietonews Ltd. v. London and District Cinemas [1952] A.C. 166 at 185). Discuss this dictum and explain the respects in
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In Business‚ contracts can be considered as the heart of dealings and have to be taken with utter most consideration of the acceptance‚ however in order to understand in depth a binding agreement‚ we must first discuss‚ what determines a contract or binding agreement. These can be defined as “an agreement which the law will enforce” as well as a “promise or set of promises which the court will enforce”. To facilitate a binding agreement‚ an acceptance must occur and must be absolutely unconditional
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Introduction Unlike other civil law legal systems‚ such as the German one and the American one‚ United Kingdom’s (UK) and Hong Kong’s (HK) do not recognize the approach of general principle of good faith in contract law‚ as illustrated in Walford v Miles1. Yet‚ good faith should be promoted in UK and HK because one should value fairness in the whole course of dealing‚ from the point of pre-contractual negotiations till the discharge of he contracts. This essay aims at showing the merits of a good
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Court Court of Common Pleas Citation(s) (1862) 11 Cb (NS) 869; [1862] EWHC CP J35; 142 ER 1037 Transcript(s) Full text of judgment Judge(s) sitting Willes J‚ Byles J and Keating J Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J 35‚ is the leading English contract law case on the rule that one cannot impose an obligation on another to reject one ’s offer. This is sometimes misleadingly expressed as a rule that "silence cannot amount to acceptance". Later the case has been rethought‚ because it appeared that
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JUDGMENT V.N. Khare‚ CJI 1. This appeal which arises out of a judgment and order dated 23-11-2001 passed by the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam revolves round the question as to whether an arbitration clause in a contract agreement survives despite purported satisfaction thereof. 2. The parties to this appeal entered into an agreement for a project at Kayamkulam. Upon completion of the work the respondent herein submitted final bill which was allegedly not accepted by the appellant‚ where
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