Evolution of Management Thinking Classical Perspective During 19th and 20th centuries that emphasized a rational scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organization efficient operating machines. This perspective contain 3 subfields: 1. Scientific Management- A Subfield of classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in the management practices as th solution to improvin labor. Fredirick Winston Taylor (1856-1915)- Taylor
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(136–39)‚ and that organizations engage in continuous purposive activities of a specified kind (151–52). Dr. Carrie Lee MGT B344F (2014 Sept) 5 + Chester I Barnard (US) in his book “The Functions of the Executive” defines organization as “a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons”. (Barnard 1938‚ 73) Dr. Carrie Lee MGT B344F (2014 Sept) 6 + Talcott Parsons (US) says all organizations must : 1) adapt to the external environment
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Edited by Peter Lassman‚ Irving Velody‚ with Herminio Martins. London: Unwin Hyman. * Andrews‚ Kenneth R.‚ 1968: Introduction to the thirtieth anniversary edition of The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge‚ MA: Harvard University Press. * Barnard‚ Chester I.‚ 1968: The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge‚ MA: Harvard University Press. * Bartlett‚ Christopher A. & Sumantra Ghoshal‚ 1994: Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Strategy to Purpose. Harvard Business Review‚ Nov-Dec 1994
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physical and financial resources takes place. All the three resources are important to get results. Therefore‚ organizational function helps in achievement of results which in fact is important for the functioning of a concern. According to Chester Barnard‚ “Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions‚ the jobs related and the co- ordination between authority and responsibility. Hence‚ a manager always has to organize in order to get results. Elements of Organizing
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Behavioral Management came into existence when managers observed and realized that human behavior has a great importance and a significant impact on the actions of workers. People like Mary Parker Follett‚ Elton Mayo‚ Douglas Mcgregor‚ and Chester Barnard were all in a sense analysts in the behavioral management realm and came up with theories or conclusions about what happens when a manager does certain things‚ or what the outcomes are for certain behaviors within the organization. Mary Parker
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How Are Decision Made? If administrative behaviour revolves around decision making‚ there must be some guiding principles to the decision making process. Decision making is geared towards the solution of organizational problems. John Dewey‚ elaborated the steps in problem solving as including: 1. State the problem 2. List the alternatives 3. Select the best alternative. Precisely this is what decision making involves. Griffiths (1958) had given six (6) basic steps to decision making in school
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to recognise that organisations could be viewed from perspective of individual and group behaviour. - proposed more people-oriented ideas rather than scientific management theories. - thought organisations should be based on group ethic. IV. Chester Barnard(1930s) - He is actual manager who thought organisation were social system that required cooperation. - believed manager‘s job was to communicate and stimulate employee’s high level of effort. - First person to argue that organisations were open
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AN ORGANISATION AND ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR An organization is a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to achieve collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationship between the different activities and the members‚ and it subdivides and assigns roles‚ responsibilities and authority to carry out different tasks. Organisations are open systems‚ this is to mean that they affect and are affected by their environment. On the other
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Management History Modern managers use many of the practices‚ principles‚ and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences. The Industrial Revolution brought about the emergence of large-scale business and its need for professional managers. Early military and church organizations provided the leadership models. In 1975‚ Raymond E. Miles wrote Theories of Management: Implications for Organizational Behavior and Development published by McGraw Hill Text. In it‚ he popularized a
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organizational structure and culture. P1.1: Compare and contrast different organisational structure and culture. According to Buchanan and Huczynski‚ an organisation is a ‘social arrangement for the controlled performance of collective goals’. Chester Barnard described an organisation as ‘a system of co-operative human activities’. Organisation are can be define as; ‘A deliberately formed group of human being with known boundaries and common goal’. Or‚ a group of people working together to achieved
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