[pic] [pic] Fig. 1: Buck converter circuit diagram. [pic] [pic] Fig. 2: The two circuit configurations of a buck converter: On-state‚ when the switch is closed‚ and Off-state‚ when the switch is open (Arrows indicate current as the conventional flow model). [pic] [pic] Fig. 3: Naming conventions of the components‚ voltages and current of the buck converter. [pic] [pic] Fig. 4: Evolution of the voltages and currents with time in an ideal buck converter operating in continuous mode. The
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“Design of 400/220kV Sub-station” S.M. MUJUMDAR 27th April 2005 Mumbai General Manager (sub-station Engineering) Jyoti Structures Ltd.‚ Agenda Overview of 400kV sub-station Design Process Design considerations Question / Answer Imp. considerations in substation design Safety of personnel and equipment Reliability and Security Adherence to Statutory obligations – I.E. rules‚ Environmental aspects Electrical design considerations
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DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION Abstract— This White Paper on‚ “Power systems” addresses the working process‚ benefits and challenges of implementing Distribution Automation in electrical power distribution sector. The demand for electrical energy is increasing every day. Today over 24% of total electrical energy generated in India is lost in transmission (6%) and distribution (18%). The electrical power deficit in country is currently about 18%. Therefore reduction in distribution
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1. INTRODUCTION Energy plays an important role in human activities. The utilization of fossil fuel based energy resources has increased the impact on the global environmental issues such as CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming and a drastic climate changing. The need of exploitation of new sources such as renewable energy (RE) becomes crucial. The combination of multi-source renewable energies at the distribution stage and the proper energy management will definitely reducing the cost
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BULLETIN Frictionless Chiller Efficient‚ quiet and oil-free Frictionless chiller technology sets new standard for efficiency and quiet operation E nergy efficiency is a key driver in HVAC technology development. Refrigerant compressors can require very large prime movers‚ so improvements to both compressor technology and prime mover technology are major goals for HVAC research and development. Frictionless chillers‚ the newest generation of chiller technology‚ achieve both goals. Designed with
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Question: Some lasers are referred to as being “cw.” What does “cw” mean? 1) Circular wave 2) Constant white 3) Continuous wave 4) Clear white Science Quiz‚ Technology Quiz Question: What is the process responsible for producing photons in a diode laser? 1) Fermi level shift 2) Majority carrier injection 3) Carrier freeze out 4) Electron-hole recombination Science Quiz‚ Technology Quiz Question: What are three types of lasers? 1) Gas‚ metal vapor‚ rock 2) Pointer‚ diode‚
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of the galvanometer coil. We know that‚ Q = nLio Q= (1) (2) (3) (4) Therefore ‚ from equation (3) and (4) we can write‚ L= Replacing x = θ1 θs and y 4 = T r θ1 θ1 1 ( )( ) 4 π 2 θs θ3 (5) θ1 θ3 Tr xy π2 From this equation the absolute capacitor of a condenser can be found. L= 2 (6) Apparatus : 1. An inductor (inductance to be measured) 2. A ballistic galvanometer with light scale arrangement 3. A shunt box 4. A high resistance box 5. A cell 6. Key (taping and morse key) and 7. lamp
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travels using a Delorean with a flux capacitor. It is fueled with plutonium‚ which is very troublesome for them‚ as they must figure out how to collect plutonium. However‚ when Marty visits the future‚ the car gets fitted with an upgrade that allows it to be fueled with waste and trash instead of plutonium. Additionally‚ the car must reach a maximum speed of 88 MPH to travel forwards or backwards through time‚ whichever is displayed by the interface presented by the flux capacitor. This proves to be a very important factor in the movie
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Laboratory Handbook Stage 1 Semester 2 ENG1030M Electronics Applications Project Electronic Applications (ENG1030M) Module overview This laboratory based single module (100 hours total) consists of one 3 hour session per week and has 3 main parts. Each part involves practical and written work‚ these are shown below in chronological order. You should be advised that that the lab sessions use up 36 hours and therefore you will be expected to use the remaining 64 hours in background work
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LM317‚ NCV317 1.5 A Adjustable Output‚ Positive Voltage Regulator The LM317 is an adjustable 3−terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further‚ it employs internal current limiting‚ thermal shutdown and safe area compensation‚ making it essentially blow−out proof. The LM317 serves a wide variety
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