resistance can be genetically transformed into plants. In bioremediation‚ bacteria can be genetically transformed with genes enabling them to digest oil spills. In medicine‚ diseases caused by defective genes are beginning to be treated by gene therapy; that is‚ by genetically transforming a sick person’s cells with healthy copies of the defective gene that causes the disease. You will use a procedure to transform bacteria with a gene that codes for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). The real-life
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The Endosymbiont Hypothesis and the evolution of the Chloroplast and Mitochondria Dr Lynn Margulis is seen as the first person to have put forward the Endosymbiont Hypothesis which is based on a theory which explains the likely origin of the mitochondria and chloroplast (plants) in eukaryote organisms which we observe today. Dr Margulis received evidence from all over the world and from many scientific researchers and experiments‚ Margulis simply had to put all the evidence together to form her
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microscopically. Results were recorded in Table 1. Gram Reactions Cell shapes Cell Ends and Arrangement Size Distinctive Characters Predicted Bacteria Bacteria 1 Gram positive (purple) Cocci Rounded‚ clusters‚ singly Small - Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria 2 Gram negative (pink) Rods (shorter than B. cereus) Rounded‚ regular‚ pair‚ clusters Medium - Escherichia coli Bacteria 3 Gram positive (purple) Long rods Rounded‚ irregular‚ groups‚ chains Large Endospores present; spherical‚ central‚ not distending the
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Bureau of Plant Industry. It was tested against the bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. The resulting Numerical value was 2.5 for E. coli and 3.0 for S. aureus. The bureau used the standard parameter 1-2- slightly inhibited and 3-5 as partially inhibited. Thus‚ the inhibition of the mango leaves extract and coconut oil in E. coli was slight and it is partial in S. aureus. The researcher concluded that mango leaves extract with coconut oil can kill bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus. It can also be concluded
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almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria‚ Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria‚ Iron-oxidizing bacteria‚ Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide‚ using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent
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instance a yellow sputum was produced by the patient‚ which will be taken to the lab an analyzed under a microscope. There are three suspect bacteria‚ which are Bacillus‚ Mycoplasma‚ and Escherichia. A discussion of staining procedures‚ as well as anatomical differences will be discussed for each specimen. Bacillus are Prokaryotic cells‚ that are rod shaped bacteria and can from long chains. Bacillus are also spore forming. When gram staining a Bacillus sample‚ they are found to be gram positive.
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effectively than they killed the invading bacteria. In an article he submitted for the medical journal The Lancet during World War I‚ Fleming described an ingenious experiment‚ which he was able to conduct as a result of his own glass blowing skills‚ in which he explained why antiseptics were actually killing more soldiers than infection itself during World War I. Antiseptics worked well on the surface‚ but deep wounds tended to shelter anaerobic bacteria from the antiseptic agent‚ and antiseptics
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Unit 22 1.1 Bacteria are a single cell micro-organism that can only be seen from under a microscope. It lives off the nutrients from its surroundings. Viruses are disease producing agents far smaller than bacteria‚ They are enclosed in a protein coating which makes them more difficult to destroy. The basic unit of Fungi is a hypha which is a hollow tube. The hypha threads spread out over and into the food material making a visible mesh or mycelium. Some fungi form together to create toadstools
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Probiotics Probiotics are living microscopic organisms‚ or microorganisms‚ that scientific research has shown to benefit the health. Most often they are bacteria‚ but they may also be other organisms such as yeasts. In some cases they are similar‚ or the same‚ as the “good” bacteria already in the body‚ particularly those in the gut. These good bacteria are part of the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the bodies. This community of microorganisms is called the microbiota. Some microbiota organisms
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grow on LB (Luria Broth) plates with ampicillin and determining if any genetic transformation has occurred. By combining +pGLO LB and ampicillin we should get an ampicillin resistant gene and by using –pGLO we should create a non-genetic resistant bacteria. The pGLO plasmid has the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene and the gene that allows the plasmid to be resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. The most important part of this experiment is the “heat shock treatment” because the E. coli membrane
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