Class 1 Metallic bonding: Found in metals and alloys‚ 1‚ 2‚ or 3 valence electrons that are not bound to any particular atom in the solid. They drift throughout the entire metal. This results in a sea of electrons. These free electrons result in good electrical and heat conductivity. Coordination number is 8 or 12 (number of nearest neighbors). Ionic Bonding Found in compounds that are composed of both metallic and nonmetallic elements. Metallic element gives up valence electrons to the
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1. Introduction The Jominy end-quench test is a technique that has the ability to harden the steel by quenching. It is an essential feature of materials that determine the material’s selection for particular applications. The different types of steels and alloys that are used for hardening in an industry are done by this test and considering that this test is a standardised experiment [1]. 1.1 Aim The specimens that are used in this test are normalized in accordance with the standards. The purpose
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martensite content present in them The martensite formation is not an easy process involving heat treatment cycles. The heat treatment cycles vary for various steels. 1.2MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION The martensite transformation occurs only when the austenite is super cooled by rapid cooling (quenching) to low temperature at which diffusion possesses become impossible. In contrast to the pearlite and intermediate transformation‚ the martensite transformation is of diffusion less nature i.e. it is
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SMART MATERIALS 1. Introduction The primary characteristic of a ‘‘smart material’’ is that it has the ability to respond to external stimuli in a technically useful and technically controlled way. The words ‘‘technically useful’’ and ‘‘technically controlled’’ are emphasized since all materials respond to external stimuli of some sort or other (as a simple example‚ all materials respond to temperature by changing their volume)‚ however‚ to be considered a ‘‘smart material’’ the response must
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A Full Laboratory Report on: The Detailed Microstucture of Primary Materials This report presents a study on the microstructure of 8 material samples using the proper optical microscopy techniques. Emphasis is given in sample preparation‚ the right use of transmitting and reflecting optical microscopy methods‚ and a detailed analysis of the distinct microstructure of metal‚ ceramic‚ and polymer materials. For metals and ceramics‚ preparation procedures include grinding‚ polishing‚ and surface
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------------------------------------------------- Alloy Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron‚ with carbon content between 0.02% and 2.14% by mass. An alloy is a metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure‚ while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution‚ depending on thermal (heat treatment) history. Alloys usually have different properties from those
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Engineering Materials Msc. Shaymaa Mahmood Introduction to Eng. Materials : Since the earliest days of the evolution of mankind ‚ the main distinguishing features between human begins and other mammals has been the ability to use and develop materials to satisfy our human requirements. Nowadays we use many types of materials‚ fashioned in many different ways‚ to satisfy our requirements for housing‚ heating‚ furniture‚ clothes‚ transportation‚ entertainment‚ medical care‚ defense and all the
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Prevention of Fatigue Crack Growth Abstract Materials engineering plays a crucial role in the design and production of parts for industrial applications. The mining industry is a dangerous example of industrial repetition and cyclic loading. When improper materials are selected‚ fatal outcomes can result‚ such as the accident at the Markham Colliery in 1973. The Markham Colliery was one of 14 producing mines in North Derbyshire‚ England‚ and during the time of the accident it output 30‚000
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO FULLY MELTING A MARAGING STEEL USING DIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING (DMLS) Mark. Stanford‚ Kevin. Kibble‚ Matthew. Lindop‚ Diane. Mynors and Colin. Durnall Department of Engineering and Technology University of Wolverhampton Shifnal Road‚ Priorslee Telford‚ UK TF2 9NT ABSTRACT This paper reports on the relative capability of the EOS M250 Extended platform to fully melt an 18Ni (‘300’ grade) maraging tool steel from sub-20 µm powder. The work describes the
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Study of the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of AISI 304L by varying welding parameters by Abdus Samad Anwar‚ 070601 Rajesh Kumar‚ 070646 A Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Supervised by Prof V.K.Tewari Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee May 2011 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION This is to
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