A Seminar Report on “CATALYTIC CONVERTER” PREFACE Catalytic converter is most effective device which converts harmful gases due to engine exhaust into eco-friendly gases. In this report‚ we have tried to bring into focus imports of reducing air pollution and why catalytic converter is necessary in automobile. We also tried to bring advance technology found out now a day for reducing air pollution. By best effort‚ we try to focus necessity of subject. We hope our report is one
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CATALYTIC CONVERTER AS A POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE 1.3 HISTORY 1.4 POSITON OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHAPTER 2: CONSTRUCTION 2.1 BASIC COMPONENT 2.2 COATING PROCESS 2.3 DETAILED COATING PROCESS 2.4 CATALYST MATERIAL 2.5 TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHAPTER 3: WORKING 3.1 CONVERSION PROCESS 3.2 WAYS OF CONVERSION 3.3 PRECAUTIONS 3.4 SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION CHAPTER 4: DEMERITS 4.1 CATALYTIC INHIBITION AND DESTRUCTION 4.2 CATALYTIC CONVERTER THEFT
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Introduction Catalytic converters are an integral part of converting much of the pollution that comes out of a car ’s exhaust. Almost every car since the year 1970 has come with a catalytic converter in order to reduce harmful emissions. I chose to explain the function and chemistry behind the catalytic converter because I have an interest in cars and I wanted to know more about them. Background In order to understand how catalytic converters work‚ one must understand that air and fuel
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Catalytic Converters Catalytic converters are an integral part of converting much of the pollution that comes out of a car’s exhaust. (2) Since the 1970´s‚ almost every car has a catalytic converter integrated to reduce harmful emissions. I will explain the chemistry behind the catalytic converter and how it works. To solve the huge problem dealing with cars polluting a city‚ the cities‚ states and federal governments make clean-air laws to restrict the amount of pollution that
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Catalytic Converter A.P.P Assessment Catalytic converters are used in cars to reduce pollution and toxic gases‚ such as carbon monoxide. Here are the reactions that happen inside a catalytic converter: 2NOx(g) → xO2(g) + N2(g) – this is the reduction of nitrogen oxides. 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) – this is the changing of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. There are different views on catalytic converters. The two main views are the environmental view‚ and the economic view. The environmental view
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Module 3 DC to DC Converters Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 1 Lesson 17 Types of Basic DC-DC Converters Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 2 Instructional Objectives Study of the following: • Three basic types of dc-dc converter circuits − buck‚ boost and buck-boost • The expressions for the output voltage in the above circuits‚ with inductive (R-L) and battery (or back emf = E) load Introduction In the last module (#2) consisting of eight lessons‚ the various types of circuits
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ABSTRACT The effect of equivalent series resistance (ESR) of an output capacitor on the performance of a constant -on-time(COT)-controlled buck converter is studied and a pulse bursting phenomenon is revealed. It indicates that the ESR of the output capacitor is one of the key factors causing pulse bursting phenomenon in COT-controlled buck converters‚ and the critical ESR is derived via. It is pointed out that ‚ when the ESR of the output capacitor is smaller than the critical ESR ‚pulse bursting
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The Science of Catalysts and Catalytic Converters Hosam Sadek February 19th‚ 2013 Catalyst is a term that is used for a chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without itself being affected. In the human body‚ enzymes are naturally occurring catalysts responsible for many essential biochemical reactions. These catalysts participate in the reactions‚ but are neither reactants nor products of the reaction they catalyze. The only difference between a catalyzed reaction and
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of high efficiency high power boost DC/DC converters for photovoltaic applications J. DAWIDZIUK∗ Faculty of Electrical Engineering‚ Department of Automatic Control Engineering and Electronics‚ Bialystok University of Technology‚ 45D Wiejska St. 15-351 Bialystok‚ Poland Abstract. Recent environmental issues have accelerated the use of more efficient and energy saving technologies in renewable energy systems. High power high efficiency boost DC/DC converters for the use in photovoltaic‚ fuel cell systems
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efficiency. Flyback converter plays important role in hybrid electric vehicles because it is an isolated DC-DC boost converter. In the proposed work simulation of flyback converter has been done in the SIMULINK tool of MATLAB and voltage and current waveforms are obtained .The results of simulations matches the theoretical calculations and which led to the development of hardware model of Flyback converter. Keywords-Hybrid Electric Vehicles‚ Flyback Converter‚ buck-boost converter‚ PMOSFET. I. INTRODUCTION
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