A disorder that takes one through a figurative rollercoaster of emotion with many high points of abnormal energy and low points of despair. A person would call this disorder manic depression or bipolar disorder. With symptoms like mania which is a period of elevated energy‚ happiness and irritably or depression that brings a feeling of hopelessness‚ insecurity and negativity; life can be hard. Firstly‚ this article will examine bipolar disorder including symptoms and whom it affects. Then‚ it is
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they left off in 1971 and continuing their research on the psychotropic effects of psilocybin‚ many of which have therapeutic value. There are many ways in which psilocybin works‚ yet its main mechanism of action seems to be reducing activity in the amygdala via its effects on the serotonergic system. It is through this mechanism that psilocybin has the ability to improve affect‚ with its effects lasting months after the drug’s administration. This reduces the need to take antidepressant drugs on a daily
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a major cause of relapse to alcoholism in individuals undergoing treatment. Previous studies have also shown that alcohol enhances GABA neurotransmission in the amygdala‚ the so-called pleasure center of the brain. Interestingly‚ the brain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) stress system also increases GABA transmission in the amygdala. A team of scientists at The Scripps Research Institute has described the cellular mechanism underlying the brain’s response to alcohol‚ which suggests a possible
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enough times that eventually‚ when the bell would ring‚ the body would automatically respond as though the shock had occurred. The association is so strong that even without the actual shock‚ the fear of receiving a shock can still be stimulated. The amygdala plays a role in fear conditioning because without it no fear is displayed; without it there is no way to condition fear in an individual or an
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in general‚ the amygdala is frequently described as the key structure (Schneider‚ Peters‚ Bromberg‚ Brassen‚ Menz‚ Miedl‚ Loth‚ Banaschewski‚ Barbot‚ Barker‚ Conrod‚ Dalley‚ Flor‚ Gallinat‚ Garavan‚ Heinz‚ Itterman‚ Mallik‚ Mann‚ Artiges‚ Paus‚ Poline‚ Rietschel‚ Reed‚ Smolka
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neurotransmitters. There is also the influence of the amygdala‚ which controls the emotional responses‚ the hypothalamus‚ which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary and the frontal cortex. Normal levels of serotonin produce a calming effect on the individual. However‚ low levels remove that calming effect leaving the individual less able to control their impulsive and aggressive behaviour. Serotonin usually keeps the amygdala under control so that the emotional responses
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Whitman’s death an autopsy revealed a tumor on the amygdala. The amygdala is a region of the brain that regulates/controls and detects fear and emergency responses. Whitman had suffered headaches and increased violent outburst before the Texas tower sniping. Given the new information about the region of his brain that was damaged and the type
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the University of Wisconsin‚ Madison that brain scans revealed that psychopathy in criminals were related with diminished connectivity between the amygdala‚ a subcortical structure of the brain that processes negative stimuli‚ and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex‚ a cortical region in the front of the brain that interprets the response from the amygdala (University of Wisconsin‚ Madison). This means that most people feel horrible when they do something wrong‚ however in someone who has this problem
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activation of the occipital areas of the brain spread to the fronto-temporal locations and activate the amygdala to a large extent (2011). Therefore‚ it can be hypothesized that if Medusa was not a fictional creature‚ she would have decreased gray matter volume in the amygdala which would be the explanation for her atypical behaviors that contribute to her hyper-arousal and remoteness. The amygdala plays vital roles in memory‚ fear‚ and emotion‚ all of which Medusa can relate to (Elbert et. al.‚ 2011)
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Part 1. Phobia 1.1 Meaning of phobia. A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος‚ phóbos‚ meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is an intense and persistent fear of certain situations‚ activities‚ things‚ animals‚ or people. The main symptom of this disorder is the excessive and unreasonable desire to avoid the feared stimulus. When the fear is beyond one’s control‚ and if the fear is interfering with daily life‚ then a diagnosis under one of the anxiety disorders can be made. This is caused by what are called
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