11. Account for the fact that ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) is less viscous than glycerine (HOCH2CHOHCH2OH)‚ but more viscous than ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH). 20. Consider the following substances: sodium fl uoride (NaF)‚ chlorine monofl uoride (ClF)‚ hydrogen fl uoride (HF)‚ and fluorine (F2 ). (a) What type of particles does each substance have? (b) What type of intermolecular attractive forces hold the particles together in each substance? The table below lists the melting point (mp)‚
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differences in solubilities between the two molecules. Polarity also played a role in the alcohol reactions: water‚ which is polar‚ will be insoluble with 1-octanol (which is nonpolar)‚ insoluble with 1-butanol (also nonpolar)‚ and soluble with methanol (polar). But it’s a little more complicated: the carbon chain of each of these organic compounds will always be nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic‚ but as these are alcohols‚ the -OH group‚ which is polar and therefore hydrophilic‚ comes into play as well
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How Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols React to Produce Esters: Esters and Ester Production: Esters are abundant and ever present‚ and are the chemical basis of almost all fatty acids and oils. Small esters are responsible for the aroma of fruits‚ perfumes and‚ by extension‚ wines and other alcohols. Esters are formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol chemically combine‚ losing a molecule of water in the process. Carboxylic acids are organic molecular compounds that form a homologous series
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liquor or the mental illness and compulsive behavior resulting from alcohol dependency. For some people it might just be the occasional night out to relieve some stress‚ but for an alcoholic it’s not only a need‚ it’s a dependency. There are no advantages that can come from abusing alcohol. Alcoholism negativity affects everyone involved – it affects the drinker’s health‚ their family‚ and their way of life. The effects of alcohol vary whether the drinker is male or female‚ adult or adolescent‚ and
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of friendships with benefits. They were divided into two sets. The first set pertained to specific demographics and psychosocial predictors of participating in a relationship that was of Friends with Benefits status. This included factors such as alcohol consumption and gender. The second set of hypotheses examined the reactions to FWB relationships. The researchers were interested if the participants thought it was a positive or negative experience afterwards. All-in-all this led the researchers
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stop or even reduce their consumption. However‚ it is usually not ‘them’ but instead their brain that gives in first. What if there was simply a drug that tricked the brain into submission‚ into believing that there was no rewarding effects from alcohol. Relief could be brought to not only the sufferer but to their family‚ friends‚ body‚ and the healthcare system. Well‚ after extensive research‚ Professor Daryl Davies may just have discovered this effortless drug and he has just shared
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Investigative question: how are esters formed ? Esters are formed by the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid‚ usually in the presence of sulphuric acid to catalyse the process‚ or by the reaction of an acyl chloride with a carboxylic acid (this requires no catalyst and is irreversible without additional reactants) are the most common ways used. Others include reactions of certain molecules such as structural rearrangement. Apparatus: Plastic dropping pipettes‚ Beaker (100 cm3 or 250
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the alcohol‚ making it either primary (1° )‚ secondary (2° )‚ or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon‚ it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons‚ it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons‚ it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol‚ the reactivity of each should be impacted. This means that all three alcohols should
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characteristic functional group of alcohols and phenols. On the other hand‚ carbonyl group refers to a divalent chemical unit consisting of a carbon and an oxygen atom connected by a double bond. It is known as the characteristic functional group of aldehydes and ketones instead. In this experiment‚ hydroxyl- or carbonyl- containing samples were given to the group for examination. The samples were analyzed through different tests namely the involvement of the solubility of alcohols in water‚ the Lucas Test
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21‚ because starting to drink alcohol early would have a lot of negative consequences such as having more car accidents‚ risks of lungs cancers‚ and so on. On the other hand‚ some American teenagers also believe if the law allowed the underage drinking‚ we would have several car accidents‚ which happens every day. In the article “Heavy Drinking on College Campuses: No Reason to Change Minimum Legal Drinking Age of 21‚” Drew K. Saylor shows what bad if you drink alcohol underage is‚ and Saylor says
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